GED Science Test #5
Which phase of cellular respiration produces the most amount of ATP?
The process of breaking down glucose and converting the chemical energy into ATP is known as cellular respiration. The most efficient method for creating ATP among the four steps listed in the answer options is oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain. A single glucose molecule can yield between 32 and 38 ATP due to the electron transport chain.
Which of the following states of matter has the least amount of kinetic energy?
Solids are made up of tightly packed atoms or molecules that are locked in place and move very little; they have the least kinetic energy. The highest quantity of energy is found in gases and plasmas.
A cyclist is descending a slope. At what moment does he have the most potential energy?
Potential energy is energy that has been stored. Because his mobility is reduced and he can move in any direction, the cyclist has the most potential energy (and the least kinetic energy) at the top of the hill.
If "L" stands for tallness and "l" stands for shortness, which of the following best reflects the attribute Ll?
The characteristic Ll characterizes a person's genotype or the qualities associated with their genes. Because it has both a dominant and recessive gene, it is heterozygous. Because the dominant gene L for tallness is phenotypic of the person or the physical manifestation of the genes they carry, tallness is the person's phenotype or the physical expression of the genes they carry.
Define osmosis.
Water moves across a membrane that is selectively permeable, like the plasma membrane, through osmosis. It moves in accordance with the gradient of its water concentration.
What process distributes thermal energy from one particle to another straight via matter?
Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy between two substances that come into touch with each other; in order to transfer energy, their particles must collide.
Which of the supplied response options best describes the following statement?
Is there an inverse relationship between the volume and pressure of gas for a given mass and constant temperature?
For a fixed mass and temperature, Boyle's law states that pressure and volume are inversely related: PV = c, where c = constant.
Which of the following doesn't have an impact on how molecules diffuse through cell membranes?
What can enter and leave the cell is controlled by the cell's plasma membrane, which functions as a semi-permeable barrier. The only molecules that can pass through the membrane via diffusion without the aid of protein channels are tiny, nonpolar molecules. Larger molecules, as well as charged or polar molecules, will be inhibited. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can both adhere to this principle, which is unaffected by the presence of a cell wall. Carbon and hydrogen are present in almost all organic compounds; their presence has little bearing on the molecule's capacity to traverse the membrane.
What law governs the interaction of two charged particles?
Coulomb's law describes the electric force between two charged particles. It claims that opposite charges attract and like charges repel one other and that the greater the distance between them, the less force they will exert on each other.
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
The initial phase in a cell's breakdown of glucose is called glycolysis. The cytosol is where this procedure occurs.
Which of the following forms of transport requires energy to occur across a cell's plasma membrane?
Active transport is the movement of individual tiny molecules across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient. Typically, this is carried out by proteins that are incorporated into the membrane and function as "pumps" by using ATP energy.
Which of the following elements does not have a place in the periodic table?
Magnesium oxide is a two-element chemical that does not appear on the periodic table.
How many layers of a living cell's plasma membrane are there?
A phospholipid bilayer, or two opposing sheets of phospholipids with their hydrophilic heads facing outward and their hydrophobic tails facing one another, makes up the plasma membrane of a living cell. This structure enables the cell to maintain its fluidity while simultaneously remaining "water tight".
Nora prepares soup by stirring several spices into a pot of boiling water until they are totally dissolved. She then adds a variety of chopped vegetables. What's the solute in her concoction?
A material that is dissolved in another substance is referred to as a solute. The solute in this case is the spices.
What is the most likely pH of a solution with a lot of hydroxide ions (OH-) but not a lot of hydrogen ions (H+)?
A base is a solution in which there are more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions, and bases have a pH greater than 7, hence the only answer is 9.
To balance the amounts of specific chemicals inside and outside of the cell, water will diffuse across a cell membrane. When water crosses the cell membrane, what kind of transport is that?
The cell membrane may let water through without the need for energy. Passive transport is what we call it. Passive transport methods include diffusion, and the process of osmosis is precisely the diffusion of water molecules. Thus, each and every answer is accurate.
A blood cell will __________ if it is in a hypertonic solution.
A hypertonic solution is one that contains more solutes per unit volume than the cytoplasmic fluid found inside cells. When the cell is submerged in this solution, water will osmotically flow out, causing the cell to constrict.
A blood cell will __________ if it is in a hypotonic solution.
A hypotonic solution is one that contains fewer solutes per unit volume than the cytoplasmic fluid found inside cells. Water will enter the cell by osmosis when it is submerged in this solution, causing it to grow and possibly rupture.
Which way will water flow if a cell is submerged in a hypertonic (concentrated) solution?
The concentration of solutes in a hypertonic solution will be higher than that of a cell. Water must flow in order for the concentration of the solution and the concentration of the cell to be equal before equilibrium may occur. Water must mix with the solution in order to dilute it and lower its concentration. Water will leak from the cell into the mixture.
Which statement regarding glycolysis is true?
The first stage of cellular metabolism is glycolysis. It is in charge of breaking down two molecules of pyruvate, a 3-carbon sugar, into two molecules of glucose, a 6-carbon sugar. In the cytoplasm, where enzymes and sugar molecules directly interact, glycolysis takes place. Pyruvate is produced and then delivered to the mitochondria for the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain, which make up the rest of cellular respiration. In addition to photosynthesis, plants also engage in cellular respiration. Cells of both plants and animals undergo glycolysis.