GCSE Cell Biology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
- Ribosome
- Mitochondrion (Correct answer)
- Chloroplast
- Vacuole
Correct answer: Mitochondrion
Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, producing ATP for the cell.
Question 2: What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?
- Controls what enters and exits the cell
- Produces proteins for the cell
- Provides structural support and prevents over-expansion (Correct answer)
- Stores genetic information
Correct answer: Provides structural support and prevents over-expansion
The cellulose cell wall gives plant cells rigid structural support and prevents them from bursting when water enters.
Question 3: During mitosis, chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell in which phase?
- Prophase
- Telophase
- Anaphase
- Metaphase (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Metaphase
In metaphase, chromosomes align along the cell's equator before being pulled apart.
Question 4: Which process allows water to move across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute to a concentrated solution?
- Active transport
- Diffusion
- Osmosis (Correct answer)
- Endocytosis
Correct answer: Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane down a water potential gradient.
Question 5: What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
- Breaking down old organelles
- Synthesising proteins (Correct answer)
- Packaging and secreting molecules
- Producing energy
Correct answer: Synthesising proteins
Ribosomes translate mRNA sequences into polypeptide chains, effectively synthesising proteins.
Question 6: A student places red blood cells in a very dilute (hypotonic) solution. What will happen?
- The cells will shrink (crenate)
- The cells will remain the same size
- The cells will swell and may burst (lyse) (Correct answer)
- The cells will divide rapidly
Correct answer: The cells will swell and may burst (lyse)
Water enters red blood cells by osmosis when placed in a hypotonic solution, causing them to swell and potentially burst.
Question 7: Which type of cell division produces four genetically unique haploid cells?
- Binary fission
- Mitosis
- Meiosis (Correct answer)
- Budding
Correct answer: Meiosis
Meiosis undergoes two rounds of division and genetic recombination, producing four haploid cells with unique gene combinations.
GCSE Cell Biology 2
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?