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Weimar & Nazi Germany Flashcards

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  1. What was the 'stab-in-the-back' myth (Dolchstoßlegende) that emerged after World War I?

    Answer: Germany was betrayed by Jews and socialists on the home front

    The stab-in-the-back myth falsely blamed Germany's defeat on Jews, socialists, and civilians who allegedly undermined the undefeated army.

  2. Which article of the Weimar Constitution allowed the President to rule by emergency decree?

    Answer: Article 48

    Article 48 gave the President power to rule by emergency decree, bypassing the Reichstag — a provision later abused to undermine democracy.

  3. What was the primary purpose of the Enabling Act of March 1933?

    Answer: To give Hitler the power to pass laws without the Reichstag

    The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to pass laws by decree for four years without Reichstag approval, effectively ending parliamentary democracy.

  4. What name was given to the night of 9–10 November 1938 when Jewish businesses and synagogues were attacked across Germany?

    Answer: Kristallnacht

    Kristallnacht ('Night of Broken Glass') saw over 7,500 Jewish businesses smashed, 91 Jews killed, and around 30,000 sent to concentration camps.

  5. Which economic policy did Hjalmar Schacht oversee that helped reduce German unemployment in the mid-1930s?

    Answer: The New Plan with rearmament and public works

    Schacht's New Plan directed state spending into rearmament and public works like the Autobahn, reducing unemployment from 6 million in 1933 to under 1 million by 1936.

  6. What was Gleichschaltung in Nazi Germany?

    Answer: The process of coordinating all aspects of German society under Nazi control

    Gleichschaltung ('coordination') was the process by which the Nazis brought all political, social, and cultural institutions under direct party control.

  7. Which event in June 1934 saw Hitler order the murder of SA leader Ernst Röhm and other potential rivals?

    Answer: The Night of Long Knives

    The Night of Long Knives (also called Operation Hummingbird) eliminated Röhm and up to 200 others, securing the loyalty of the army and consolidating Hitler's power.