Mixed Deck — All GCSE Topics Flashcards

In a reversible reaction at equilibrium, what does Le Chatelier's principle predict if pressure is increased?

Answer: The reaction shifts to the side with fewer moles of gas

Le Chatelier's principle states that increasing pressure shifts equilibrium toward the side with fewer moles of gas to reduce pressure.

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Answer: There are strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions that need a lot of energy to overcome

In a giant ionic lattice, many strong electrostatic attractions between ions must be broken, requiring lots of energy.

Identify the type of clause in bold: 'She left **before the show ended**.'

Answer: Adverbial clause

'Before the show ended' is an adverbial clause modifying when she left.

An element has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. What is its mass number?

Answer: 35

Mass number = protons + neutrons = 17 + 18 = 35.

Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms?

Answer: Covalent bonding

Covalent bonding occurs when two non-metal atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve stable electron configurations.

Active transport differs from diffusion because it:

Answer: Moves substances against a concentration gradient using energy

Active transport uses ATP energy to move substances from low to high concentration — against the concentration gradient.

Decide which of the following sentences correctly employs verbs.

Answer: An electrical phenomenon, such as static electricity or lightning, is fairly commonplace.

Subject-verb agreement dictates that a singular subject requires a singular verb. In option C, "An electrical phenomenon" is a singular subject, and the verb "is" correctly agrees with it. Options A, B, and D contain singular subjects ("layer," "training," "soil") paired incorrectly with plural verbs ("cover," "focus," "dry out").

Which sorting algorithm works by repeatedly comparing and swapping adjacent elements that are in the wrong order?

Answer: Bubble Sort

Bubble sort passes through the list repeatedly, swapping neighboring elements until the entire list is sorted.

When two ice skaters push off each other, they move in opposite directions. This demonstrates which law?

Answer: Newton's Third Law

Newton's Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, which causes both skaters to move apart.

The demographic transition model shows that in Stage 2, which of the following occurs?

Answer: High birth rate and falling death rate

In Stage 2 of the demographic transition model, improved healthcare and sanitation lower death rates while birth rates remain high, causing rapid population growth.

Which character's death most powerfully reinforces the theme of innocent suffering in Macbeth?

Answer: Lady Macduff and her son

The murder of Lady Macduff and her young son—who are entirely uninvolved in political scheming—illustrates how tyranny destroys the innocent.

How does the play's ending, with Malcolm's restoration of order, relate to the theme of divine justice?

Answer: The restoration suggests that evil ultimately cannot triumph and natural order is restored

Macbeth's defeat and Malcolm's coronation restore the legitimate succession disrupted by regicide, reinforcing the Jacobean belief that divine order will ultimately reassert itself.

In a right-angled triangle, the two shorter sides are 5 cm and 12 cm. What is the hypotenuse?

Answer: 13 cm

By Pythagoras: c = √(5² + 12²) = √(25 + 144) = √169 = 13 cm.

Which of the following is a vector quantity?

Answer: Velocity

Velocity has both magnitude and direction, so it is a vector.

Which punctuation mark is used to introduce a list or an explanation after an independent clause?

Answer: Colon

A colon is used after an independent clause to introduce a list, explanation, or quotation.

What was the significance of the Reichstag Fire of February 1933 for Hitler's consolidation of power?

Answer: It gave Hitler an excuse to suspend civil liberties and arrest communist opponents

Hitler used the fire — blamed on the Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe — to push through the Reichstag Fire Decree suspending civil liberties and enabling mass arrests of communists.

Solve 4x² − 1 = 0.

Answer: x = ±½

4x² = 1, x² = ¼, so x = ±½.

What does 'connotation' mean in the study of language?

Answer: The implied or associated meanings beyond a word's literal definition

Connotation refers to the emotional or cultural associations a word carries beyond its strict dictionary meaning.

Which term describes the process by which water moves through a plant and evaporates from its leaves?

Answer: Transpiration

Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by roots, travels through the plant, and evaporates from leaf surfaces.

A 500 g ball travelling at 6 m/s has what momentum?

Answer: 3 kg·m/s

Momentum = mass × velocity = 0.5 kg × 6 m/s = 3 kg·m/s.