Biology Flashcards

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration, producing ATP via the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

What is the role of guard cells in a plant leaf?

Answer: Regulate the opening and closing of stomata

Guard cells control stomatal aperture, regulating gas exchange and water loss through transpiration.

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Answer: Meiosis I

Homologous chromosome pairs separate during Meiosis I, reducing the chromosome number from diploid to haploid.

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?

Answer: Pulmonary vein

The pulmonary vein is unique among veins in carrying oxygenated blood, returning it from the lungs to the left atrium.

What term describes an organism that obtains energy by breaking down dead organic matter?

Answer: Decomposer

Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Which molecule acts as the universal energy currency in living cells?

Answer: ATP

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores and releases energy for cellular processes via its high-energy phosphate bonds.

What is the function of the corpus luteum after ovulation?

Answer: It secretes progesterone to maintain the uterine lining

The corpus luteum forms from the follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone to maintain the endometrium for potential implantation.