GCAT Logical Deduction Problems 5

Question 1

A survey shows: everyone who jogs also stretches. Half of those who stretch also lift weights. Tom jogs. What must be true about Tom?

Accepted Answer

Tom stretches

Answer

Jogging guarantees stretching, but whether Tom also lifts weights is not certain from 'half' — only stretching is guaranteed.

Question 2

In a race, P finished before Q. R finished after S. S finished before P. What is the correct finishing order?

Accepted Answer

S, P, R, Q

Answer

S before P before Q is fixed; R is after S but the constraints allow R after Q, giving S, P, Q, R or S, P, R, Q — the only fully consistent order with all constraints is S, P, R, Q.

Question 3

No herbivores eat meat. Cows are herbivores. Bessie is a cow. Which conclusion is valid?

Accepted Answer

Bessie does not eat meat

Answer

Bessie is a cow, cows are herbivores, and no herbivores eat meat — so Bessie does not eat meat.

Question 4

Exactly one of these three people is lying: Alex, Blake, Chris. Alex says 'I am telling the truth.' Blake says 'Alex is lying.' Chris says 'Blake is lying.' Who is lying?

Accepted Answer

Blake

Answer

If Blake is the liar, Alex tells truth (consistent), and Chris tells truth about Blake lying — exactly one liar, so Blake is the liar.

Question 5

A committee selects members under this rule: if X is chosen, Y must also be chosen. Y was not chosen. What can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

X was not chosen

Answer

By contrapositive, if Y is not chosen, then X cannot be chosen.

GCAT - General Cognitive Ability Test Practice Test

GCAT - General Cognitive Ability Test Practice Test

GCAT Logical Deduction Problems 5