GAT Research and Data Analysis Flashcards

Which term describes the difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset?

Answer: Range

The range is calculated by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value in a dataset.

In a GAT passage, a researcher states that a study has 'high internal validity.' This means the study:

Answer: Accurately measures the cause-and-effect relationship it intended to study

Internal validity refers to the degree to which a study accurately establishes that changes in one variable cause changes in another, controlling for confounds.

A line graph shows a steady upward trend from 2018 to 2023. Which conclusion is BEST supported?

Answer: The value increased consistently over the observed period

A line graph can only directly support conclusions about the period shown; the steady upward trend confirms consistent growth during 2018–2023.

Which of the following is a PRIMARY source of data for a research project?

Answer: A survey you design and administer yourself

A primary source is original, firsthand data collected directly by the researcher, such as a survey, experiment, or interview.

In a frequency table, the column labeled 'relative frequency' shows:

Answer: Each category's count as a proportion of the total

Relative frequency expresses each category's count as a proportion (or percentage) of the overall total, enabling comparisons across groups.

Which statistical concept describes how spread out values are from the mean of a dataset?

Answer: Standard deviation

Standard deviation quantifies the average distance of each data point from the mean, indicating how dispersed the data is.