Mathematics and Statistics Flashcards
6 cards from real FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Mathematics and Statistics flashcards as text
What is the azimuth of a line with a bearing of S 60° W?
Answer: 240°
S 60° W converts to an azimuth of 180° + 60° = 240°.
The latitude (ΔN) of a line 300 ft long with bearing N 40° E is approximately:
Answer: 229.8 ft
Latitude = L × cos(bearing angle) = 300 × cos(40°) ≈ 229.8 ft.
Which of the following is NOT a systematic error in surveying?
Answer: A random blunder in reading a rod
A random blunder is a mistake (gross error), not a systematic error that repeats consistently.
What is the weighted mean of two measurements 10.50 (weight 1) and 10.60 (weight 3)?
Answer: 10.575
Weighted mean = (10.50×1 + 10.60×3) / (1+3) = 42.30 / 4 = 10.575.
A closed traverse has a total latitude error of +0.30 ft and total departure error of +0.40 ft. What is the linear closure?
Answer: 0.50 ft
Linear closure = √(0.30² + 0.40²) = √(0.09 + 0.16) = √0.25 = 0.50 ft.
What does a residual (v) represent in a least squares adjustment?
Answer: The difference between the adjusted value and the observed value
A residual is the difference between an adjusted (computed) value and its corresponding observed value.