Angles, Bearings & Azimuths Flashcards
6 cards from real FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Angles, Bearings & Azimuths flashcards as text
What is 'astronomic (true) north' based on?
Answer: The direction toward Earth's geographic (rotational) north pole
True (astronomic) north is the direction toward Earth's geographic North Pole, determined by celestial observations or GPS azimuth.
In a traverse, the azimuth of each successive course is computed by:
Answer: Adding the previous azimuth to the deflection angle with sign
Forward azimuth = back azimuth of the preceding course plus or minus deflection angle (R positive, L negative), adjusting by 360 degrees as needed.
A 6-sided closed traverse has interior angles summing to 722 degrees. The angular error of closure is:
Answer: 2 degrees
Theoretical sum = (6-2) times 180 = 720 degrees; error = 722 minus 720 = +2 degrees.
The 'gon' (or 'grad') unit divides a full circle into how many parts?
Answer: 400
The grad (gon) divides a full circle into 400 parts, with 100 grads per right angle, used in European surveying and some scientific applications.
What is 'meridian convergence' in state plane surveying?
Answer: The angular difference between geodetic north and grid north at a given point
Meridian convergence is the small angle between geodetic (true) north and grid north at any point away from the central meridian of a projection zone.
When a compass bearing is recorded as N 0 E, it means the line is directed:
Answer: Due north
N 0 E means zero degrees from north toward east — which is exactly due north.