FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Surveying Equipment & GPS/GNSS 3

Question 1

What is LiDAR in the context of modern surveying?

Accepted Answer

Light Detection and Ranging — a laser-based system for collecting dense 3D point clouds

Answer

A software tool for computing traverse closure

Answer

A ground-penetrating radar method for locating utilities

Answer

A satellite imagery processing algorithm

Question 2

What is 'photogrammetry' in surveying?

Accepted Answer

Deriving measurements and maps from photographs or imagery

Answer

Measuring angles using the sun as a reference

Answer

Using laser scanning to measure underground utilities

Answer

Measuring light intensity to determine haze corrections for EDMs

Question 3

What is a 'control survey'?

Accepted Answer

A high-accuracy survey establishing horizontal and/or vertical positions to control subsequent surveys

Answer

A survey performed to verify another surveyor's work

Answer

A legal survey required to obtain a building permit

Answer

A survey using quality-control software to check errors

Question 4

What is the geoid in the context of vertical datums?

Accepted Answer

An equipotential surface approximating mean sea level used as the reference for orthometric heights

Answer

The mathematical ellipsoid used by GPS receivers

Answer

The flat reference plane used in state plane coordinates

Answer

The surface defined by the NAD 83 horizontal datum

Question 5

What does the 'N value' (geoid undulation) represent in GPS surveying?

Accepted Answer

The vertical separation between the ellipsoid and the geoid at a given location

Answer

The number of satellites tracked at a given time

Answer

The noise level of the GPS receiver

Answer

The number of ambiguity cycles in a carrier-phase measurement

Question 6

What is a 'field book' in traditional surveying used for?

Accepted Answer

To record raw observations, sketches, and notes in a permanent written record

Answer

To store digital data from a total station

Answer

To print final plat maps in the field

Answer

To display GPS satellite geometry