FSOT Mathematics and Statistics 5

Question 1

An analyst notes that countries with higher literacy rates tend to have lower infant mortality rates. This is an example of what type of correlation?

Accepted Answer

Negative correlation

Answer

As literacy increases, infant mortality decreases — these variables move in opposite directions, indicating negative correlation.

Question 2

A diplomat's annual salary is $95,000 and is increased by 4%. What is her new annual salary?

Accepted Answer

$98,800

Answer

New salary = $95,000 × 1.04 = $98,800.

Question 3

A report states that refugee admissions increased by 150% over a decade. If the original number was 40,000, what is the new number?

Accepted Answer

100,000

Answer

A 150% increase means the new value = 40,000 + (1.50 × 40,000) = 40,000 + 60,000 = 100,000.

Question 4

The mean annual income in a city is $55,000 and the median is $42,000. What does this indicate about the income distribution?

Accepted Answer

Right-skewed (positively skewed) distribution

Answer

When the mean exceeds the median, the distribution is right-skewed, typically caused by a few very high earners pulling the mean upward.

Question 5

A table shows trade deficits over three years: Year 1: -$12B, Year 2: -$18B, Year 3: -$9B. What is the mean trade deficit over this period?

Accepted Answer

-$13B

Answer

Mean = (-12 + -18 + -9) / 3 = -39 / 3 = -13 billion dollars.

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