Explanation:
A patient with West Nile virus infection is contagious for 6-7 days before symptoms appear, although contagiousness ends quickly after symptoms start. Although WNV cannot be passed from one person to another, it can be acquired through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and nursing. The incubation phase might last anywhere from two to fourteen days. Only 20% of infected individuals show symptoms of West Nile fever, which typically include flu-like signs and symptoms include fever, myopathy, malaise, nausea, vomiting, rash, lethargy, and headache. Less than 1% of individuals experience meningitis, West Nile encephalitis, or flaccid paralysis similar to polio.
Explanation:
The following are some examples of Grasha's teaching methods:
> Formal authority: The instructor places more emphasis on the subject matter than on building relationships with the students, placing the professional in charge of the student's knowledge acquisition.
> Demonstrator: The instructor promotes active learning through coaching and demonstration.
> Delegator: Learners are in charge and the instructor serves as a consultant.
> Expert: The instructor uses extensive knowledge to teach and challenge learners, but this may be intimidating to some learners.
> Facilitator: The instructor places responsibility for learning on the learner and encourages active learning.
Explanation:
Joining a group purchasing organization is the most economical way for small, independent businesses to buy medical supplies and equipment (GPO). Because the GPO may negotiate contracts with competitive price for all member organizations, hospitals frequently do this. The GPO can negotiate lower pricing than individual organizations since it makes purchases in bulk. Some GPOs are sponsored by vendors, while others are supported by fees collected from the GPO's purchasing members.
Explanation:
Utilizing the information that is already available, such as looking at county surveillance data, is a passive case finding. While passive case discovery is typically less expensive and time-consuming than active case seeking, it has the potential to miss many cases. Using diagnostic tests to screen at-risk individuals, asking the laboratory to discover additional instances, and alerting healthcare professionals to be on the lookout for new cases are a few examples of active case findings. Making appeals through the media, such as television, radio, and newspapers is another possible aspect of active case discovery.
Explanation:
The PCR is one type of nucleic acid amplification test that produces results quickly, with great specificity and sensitivity. Although cheap and quick, the EIA has poor sensitivity and specificity. The test for glutamate dehydrogenase is quick and affordable. However, it has very little specificity and requires a second test to detect toxins. It has a good sensitivity and negative predictive value. Although the toxigenic culture requires a second test for toxins and takes 3–4 days to complete, it has great sensitivity and specificity.
Explanation:
Early in the morning is the ideal time to collect sputum samples for acid-fast bacillus. To test for tuberculosis, sputum samples are collected in the early mornings for 3 consecutive days. Patients may need to have a bronchoscopy to obtain a sample if they are unable to produce sputum specimens. Small children may benefit from gastric cleaning. When the patient coughs, the person collecting the sample should keep their distance, take TB precautions, and wear gloves when handling the container.
Explanation:
Ambulatory care facilities must have a person on staff who is knowledgeable about infection control and prevention. The legislation does not mandate that this person be trained as an IP or working full-time at the facility; it only requires that they be routinely available or hired by the facility. The ambulatory care facility should have established infection prevention policies and procedures, occupational health programs, supplies to ensure adherence to recommended precautions, and other necessary equipment.
