FREE Trauma Certified Registered Nursing Questions and Answers
An 11-month-old child tried to get out of his highchair and fell, banging his head on the tile floor. At 48 hours, he had a seizure, showed signs of a subdural hematoma, including fever, right-side weakness, poor feeding, and significant lethargy. Which emergency procedure is most necessary?
Acute subdural hematoma, which most frequently affects children 1 and is frequently caused by trauma, abuse, or falls, is an emergency that necessitates rapid surgical evacuation of the hematoma because it presses against the brain and can end in death. During surgery, an ICP device may be implanted to track pressure. An osmotic diuretic called mannitol decreases ICP associated with traumatic brain damage while increasing salt and water excretion. Hyponatremia, cerebral edema, and elevated intracranial pressure related to traumatic brain injury are decreased by hypertonic saline solution.
A 40-year-old person with cardiac arrhythmias is given mannitol to lower elevated intracranial pressure brought on by a traumatic brain injury. The arrhythmias are most likely caused by which of the following electrolyte imbalances connected to mannitol administration?
When mannitol is administered to treat cerebral edema, it may lead to hyperkalemia, a fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and cardiac arrhythmias. An osmotic diuretic called mannitol reduces intracranial pressure and brain mass, especially after traumatic brain injury. It also increases potassium levels and salt and water excretion. Urticaria, hypotension, tachycardia, fever, and vomiting are a few other side effects. The blood-brain barrier's cells may be reduced in size with mannitol in order to facilitate the passage of other drugs through it. After injection, cerebral spinal fluid pressure should start to drop within 15 minutes.
When checking intracranial pressure in an adult, the trauma nurse must be informed of what the usual range is?
The trauma nurse must be aware that the typical range for intracranial pressure in adults is 10 to 15 mm Hg when doing so. When there is internal bleeding in the brain, the brain initially tries to reduce the volume of CSF by increasing absorption and decreasing blood flow, but when the brain is unable to do so, the ICP starts to rise very quickly, which can sometimes cause brain shift and herniation syndromes as well as compression of the tissue. If the disease is not corrected right away, death might occur in a matter of hours.
When there is an abdominal gunshot wound, the trauma nurse should predict that the organ most likely to be damaged is ?
The small intestine (which accounts for half of injuries) is the organ that the trauma nurse should expect to be hurt when a gunshot wound to the abdomen occurs. However, a number of other organs (including the colon, liver, and major veins) could also be hurt depending on the bullet's trajectory and depth of penetration. Close-range high-energy bullet wounds can cause both primary injuries and secondary injuries, such those from broken bones.
What does the L stand for when using the acronym AMPLE to quickly acquire crucial information about the patient's history?
The letter L stands for ""Last Meal"" when the acronym AMPLE is used to quickly gather vital information about the patient's history; this information is that which is required to give the patient emergency care. In the event that the patient is unconscious, a friend or family member may give information: A = Allergies M = stands for medicines, all current. P = Previous conditions and operations L = stands for last meal (time, volume, and size). E = The Injury's Environment or Related Events
Reimplantation should ideally be done immediately if a patient with facial fractures also has dentoalveolar damage and their permanent teeth have been lost.
Reimplantation should ideally be done within 30 minutes if a patient with facial fractures also has dentoalveolar trauma and their permanent teeth have been lost, as saving the tooth after two hours or if the root has dried out is frequently not viable. Teeth should be kept in a moist setting, such as in NS, if they cannot be promptly reimplanted. Because of their high failure rate and the potential for permanent teeth beneath them to be harmed, pediatric deciduous teeth are typically not reimplanted.
When withdrawing and securing a pistol from a trauma victim's pocket, what should they first think about?
avoid touching the trigger.Avoiding hitting the trigger should be the primary priority while withdrawing and securing a firearm from a trauma victim's pocket. Even if it is certain the gun is empty of ammunition, it should still be regarded as loaded. To avoid disturbing fingerprints or residue from gun powder, the gun should be carefully removed while using gloves, and it should always be stored in a safe container rather than a paper bag. Never point the barrel of the gun at anyone else while moving it. If the firearm has a safety feature, it must be activated.