FREE Pharmacology Endocrine Pharmacology Questions and Answers

Question 1

A patient with newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is initiated on metformin. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing hepatic glucose production.

Answer

Increasing insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.

Answer

Delaying carbohydrate absorption in the gut.

Answer

Increasing glucose reabsorption in the renal tubules.

Question 2

A patient is prescribed levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of levothyroxine?

Accepted Answer

It is a synthetic form of thyroid hormone T4, replacing endogenous hormone deficiency.

Answer

It directly stimulates the thyroid gland to produce more hormones.

Answer

It inhibits the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.

Answer

It blocks the action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at its receptor.

Question 3

Which of the following adverse effects is a significant concern with long-term use of high-dose glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone) and requires careful monitoring?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Question 4

A 55-year-old female with postmenopausal osteoporosis is prescribed alendronate. What is the primary mechanism of action of alendronate?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting osteoclast activity and bone resorption.

Answer

Increasing calcium absorption from the gut.

Answer

Stimulating osteoblast activity and bone formation.

Answer

Blocking parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors.

Question 5

Which of the following drugs is a sulfonylurea, primarily acting by stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells?

Accepted Answer

Glipizide

Answer

Sitagliptin

Answer

Pioglitazone

Answer

Exenatide

Question 6

A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus requires insulin therapy. Which of the following insulins has the most rapid onset and shortest duration of action, making it suitable for prandial (mealtime) administration?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lispro (Humalog)

Answer

Insulin glargine (Lantus)

Answer

NPH insulin

Answer

Insulin detemir (Levemir)

A patient with newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is initiated on metformin.Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?

A patient with newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is initiated on metformin.
Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?