Free GACE Biology Questions and Answers

Question 1

Which of the following has historically been utilized as a host organism to make insulin for diabetes patients?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Answer

Explanation:
In the history of Genetic Engineering, bacterial cells have been used as a host organism to produce insulin for diabetic patients. Specifically, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria have been genetically engineered to produce human insulin. The human insulin gene was cloned and inserted into the E. coli bacterial genome, allowing the bacteria to produce large quantities of human insulin. This method has been used since the 1980s and has revolutionized the production of insulin, making it more widely available for diabetic patients.

Question 2

The useable kind of energy that is utilized by living things is

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Explanation:
The usable form of energy that living organisms use is ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a high-energy molecule that is synthesized in cells during the process of cellular respiration, which involves the breakdown of glucose and other molecules to produce ATP. ATP is used by cells to power various cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and active transport across cell membranes. When ATP is used by cells, it is hydrolyzed into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy that can be used to drive cellular processes. ATP is constantly being synthesized and broken down in cells to maintain the energy balance required for life processes.

Question 3

Which of the following endomembrane system components produces lipids and steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Explanation:
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroids in the endomembrane system of a cell. The smooth ER lacks ribosomes and appears smooth under a microscope. It plays a variety of roles in the cell, including the synthesis of lipids, such as phospholipids and cholesterol, which are important components of cell membranes. Additionally, the smooth ER is involved in the detoxification of drugs and toxins, the storage of calcium ions, and the metabolism of carbohydrates. In specialized cells, such as those in the adrenal gland, the smooth ER is responsible for the synthesis of steroid hormones.

Question 4

When is adenine swapped out for guanine, which point mutation occurs?

Accepted Answer

Transition

Answer

Explanation:
The substitution of adenine (A) with guanine (G) is a type of point mutation known as a transition. In a transition mutation, a purine (adenine or guanine) is replaced by another purine, or a pyrimidine (cytosine or thymine) is replaced by another pyrimidine. In this case, adenine and guanine are both purines, so the substitution represents a transition mutation. Transition mutations are one of two types of point mutations, the other being transversion mutations, in which a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine, or vice versa.

Question 5

Which of the following point mutations happens when guanine replaces adenine?

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Answer

Explanation:
The centromere is the part of a chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together. The centromere is a region of DNA located near the middle of the chromosome, where the two identical sister chromatids are joined together by protein structures called kinetochores. The kinetochores attach to spindle fibers during cell division, allowing the chromosomes to be separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell. The centromere also plays a role in ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes during cell division. Chromosome abnormalities, such as deletions, inversions, or translocations of the centromere, can lead to genetic disorders or developmental abnormalities.

GACE - Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators Practice Test

GACE - Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators Practice Test

Free GACE Biology Questions and Answers