FREE ENPC Certification Question and Answers
Intervention in microalbuminuria for a person with DM includes:
These interventions are crucial in managing microalbuminuria in individuals with diabetes. They help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications and slow the progression of kidney disease.
Therefore, the correct choice for intervention in microalbuminuria for a person with DM includes comprehensive management strategies to optimize glycemic control, dyslipidemia control, and the use of specific medications like ACE inhibitors or ARBs to protect renal function and reduce cardiovascular risk.
Lifestyle modification for patients with Raynaud phenomenon includes:
Smoking can aggravate Raynaud's symptoms by causing vasoconstriction and reducing blood flow to the extremities.
In the elderly population, the current fastest growing group is the age range:
In the elderly population, the current fastest growing group is the age range 85 years and older. This demographic is experiencing significant growth due to advancements in healthcare and increased life expectancy, leading to a larger proportion of the population living into their 80s and beyond.
Sharon is a 29-year-old woman with moderate intermittent asthma. She is not using prescribed inhaled corticosteroids, but is using albuterol prn to relieve her cough and wheeze with reported satisfactory clinical effect. Currently she uses about 2 albuterol metered-dose inhalers per month and is requesting a prescription refill. You consider that:
This is an important consideration because overuse of albuterol without appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment can lead to worsening asthma symptoms and potential life-threatening exacerbations.
With the use of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena), which one of the following is normally noted?
With the use of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena), a reduction in menstrual flow is normally noted. This device releases a small amount of levonorgestrel hormone directly into the uterus, which can lead to lighter periods or even cessation of menstruation in some individuals. This reduction in menstrual flow is one of the key benefits of using the Mirena IUD for contraception and managing heavy menstrual bleeding.
Concomitant disease often seen with giant cell arteritis includes:
The concomitant disease often seen with giant cell arteritis is polymyalgia rheumatica. These two conditions are related inflammatory diseases that often coexist in the same individual. Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is characterized by muscle pain and stiffness, particularly in the shoulders, neck, and hips, and is frequently associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA), which is a systemic vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries, especially the temporal arteries.
A 78-year-old man presents with a 3-day history of new-onset fatigue and difficulty with bladder emptying. Examination reveals a distended bladder, but is otherwise unremarkable. Blood urea nitrogen level is 88 mg/dL (31.4 mmol/L); creatinine level is 2.8 mg/dL (247.5 µmol/L). The most likely diagnosis is:
Postrenal azotemia refers to kidney dysfunction caused by mechanical obstruction of urine flow after it leaves the kidneys. In this case, the distended bladder and difficulty with bladder emptying suggest urinary retention, which can be due to an obstruction such as an enlarged prostate, urethral stricture, or bladder outlet obstruction. The elevated BUN and creatinine levels indicate impaired kidney function due to the obstructive uropathy.
Which of the following women should have screening for cervical cancer?
Current guidelines recommend that cervical cancer screening should start at age 21 for most women, regardless of sexual history, and should be performed regularly thereafter based on specific guidelines (e.g., Pap smear every 3 years or co-testing with Pap smear and HPV testing every 5 years for women aged 30-65 years). Women with multiple sexual partners, a history of HPV infection or other risk factors may require more frequent screening.
Which of the following best describes patient presentation during an absence (petit mal) seizure?
During an absence seizure, the individual may appear to be staring blankly into space for a brief period, typically lasting from 3 to 50 seconds. There is often a brief impairment of consciousness, during which the person may not respond to external stimuli. This type of seizure is characterized by a sudden onset and offset without convulsions or significant motor symptoms.
Patients with gluteus medius or deep trochanteric bursitis typically present with:
Patients with gluteus medius or deep trochanteric bursitis typically present with increased pain from resisted hip abduction. This pain is often exacerbated when the patient tries to abduct the hip against resistance. Other common symptoms include tenderness over the greater trochanteric area and pain with activities that involve prolonged standing, walking, or stair climbing. Limited hip range of motion (ROM) may also be present, particularly in abduction and external rotation. Heat over the affected area may occur due to inflammation but is not a consistent finding.
Which of the following food-based allergies is likely to be found in adults and children?
Peanut allergies are one of the most common food allergies affecting both adults and children. They can cause severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, and are often lifelong once developed. It's important for individuals with peanut allergies to carefully avoid peanuts and products containing peanuts to prevent allergic reactions.