A 12-year-old, male neutered Domestic Shorthair cat presents with a 3-month history of weight loss despite a ravenous appetite, polyuria, polydipsia, and recent episodes of vocalizing at night.
On physical examination, you note a heart rate of 240 bpm, a palpable thyroid nodule (goiter), and a BCS of 3/9.
Which of the following is the most definitive and often curative treatment for this condition?