Biology Cell Structure & Function

Question 1

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It controls what enters and leaves the cell

Answer

The cell membrane, composed of a lipid bilayer, acts as a selective barrier that encloses the cell's contents. Its primary function is to regulate the passage of substances, such as nutrients and waste products, into and out of the cell. This selective permeability is vital for maintaining the cell's internal environment and protecting it from external changes, ensuring proper cellular function and survival.

Question 2

What is the main function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Energy production through ATP

Answer

Mitochondria are often called the 'powerhouses' of the cell because their main function is cellular respiration. During this process, they convert glucose and oxygen into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency used by the cell. This ATP fuels various metabolic activities, making mitochondria essential for virtually all cellular functions and the overall survival of the organism.

Question 3

What is the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Ribosomes are essential cellular organelles responsible for translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. They read the genetic code carried by mRNA and assemble amino acids in the correct sequence to form functional proteins. These proteins are crucial for virtually all cellular processes, structures, and enzymatic reactions, making protein synthesis a fundamental activity for life.

Question 4

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Housing DNA and coordinating cellular activities

Answer

The nucleus serves as the control center of the eukaryotic cell. Its primary role is to house the cell's genetic material (DNA) organized into chromosomes, protecting it from damage. Furthermore, it coordinates all cellular activities by regulating gene expression, thereby controlling protein synthesis, cell division, and overall cellular function.

Question 5

What structure is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells and some other eukaryotic organisms. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy, and are the site where photosynthesis takes place. This vital process converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, providing food for the plant and ultimately supporting most life on Earth.

Biology Practice Test Practice Test

Biology Practice Test Practice Test

Biology Cell Structure & Function