Free ADC Written Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: When a second canal is located in mandibular incisors, it is most frequently found:
- labial to the main canal.
- lingual of the main canal. (Correct answer)
- mesial of the main canal
- distal to the main canal.
Correct answer: lingual of the main canal.
Explanation: <br> The frequent location of a second canal lingual to the main canal in mandibular incisors is influenced by embryological development, anatomical considerations, and the variability of the root canal system, underscoring the importance of thorough clinical assessment and treatment planning.
Question 2: In endodontics, which of the following perforations has the poorest prognosis?
- Furcation area of a molar. (Correct answer)
- Apical to the epithelial attachment.
- Coronal to the epithelial attachment.
- Near the apex.
Correct answer: Furcation area of a molar.
Explanation: <br> Perforations of molar furcation, particularly in endodontics, are associated with the poorest prognosis for several reasons: <br> Difficulty in Access and Instrumentation <br> Limited Healing Potential <br> Increased Risk of Reinfection <br> Inadequate Seal and Restoration <br> Periodontal Involvement
Question 3: Which of the following is/are true regarding a tooth filled with a formaldehyde-containing paste?
- Formaldehyde-containing pastes remain non-approved.
- The drug manufacturer may be liable, along with the dentist.
- Formaldehyde-containing pastes have a high antigenic potential.
- There are cases on record of paresthesia following over extrusion of such a paste in the vicinity of the mandibular nerve.
- All of the above. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: All of the above.
Explanation: <br> Statements a, b, c, and d are all factually correct and provide accurate information about the use and potential risks of formaldehyde-containing pastes in dentistry.
Question 4: When root canals are treated topically with antibiotics rather than with disinfectants: <br> 1. A greater success rate results. <br> 2. The same rules of mechanical preparation and filing must be observed. <br> 3. The treatment may be completed in fewer appointments. <br> 4. There is greater assurance that all microorganisms are destroyed. <br> 5. There is a danger of sensitizing patients to antibiotics.
- 1,3,4
- 2,4,5
- 1,2,3
- 2,5 (Correct answer)
Correct answer: 2,5
Explanation: <br> Statements 2 and 5 are correct as these statements accurately reflect the potential risks and considerations associated with the topical application of antibiotics in root canal treatment.
Question 5: The most appropriate management for a tooth with a history of previous trauma that now exhibits apical resorption is:
- observation over 6 months for further resorption.
- complete instrumentation and medication with intra-canal calcium hydroxide. (Correct answer)
- immediate instrumentation and obturation followed by apical curettage.
- extraction, apical resection, retro filling, and replantation.
- extraction and replacement with a fixed or removable prosthesis.
Correct answer: complete instrumentation and medication with intra-canal calcium hydroxide.
Explanation: <br> This option is the most appropriate initial management for a tooth with apical resorption following trauma. Complete instrumentation involves cleaning and shaping the root canal system to remove any necrotic or infected tissue. Medication with intracanal calcium hydroxide helps disinfect the canal and promote healing. Calcium hydroxide has antimicrobial properties and can also induce hard-tissue formation, aiding in the repair of apical resorption.
Question 6: A 2-year-old presents with a fracture of the incisal third of tooth 21. exposing a small amount of dentin. The fracture occurred one hour previously. There is no mobility of the tooth but the patient complains that it is rough and sensitive to cold. The most appropriate emergency treatment is to:
- open the pulp chamber, clean the canal, and temporarily close it with zinc oxide and eugenol.
- smooth the surrounding enamel and apply glass ionomer cement. (Correct answer)
- smooth the surrounding enamel and apply a calcium hydroxide cement.
- place a provisional (temporary) crown.
Correct answer: smooth the surrounding enamel and apply glass ionomer cement.
Explanation: <br> Overall, applying glass ionomer cement after smoothing the enamel provides immediate protection to the exposed dentin, reduces sensitivity to cold stimuli, and helps to prevent further complications while the patient awaits definitive treatment. This approach is less invasive than opening the pulp chamber and cleaning the canal, which may not be necessary as an initial emergency measure in a tooth with no signs of pulp exposure or mobility.
Question 7: Which statement is FALSE regarding the use of a barbed broach?
- Removal of vital or non-vital pulp tissue.
- Removal of food debris from the canal.
- Removal of paper points and cotton pellets.
- Removal of gutta-percha during non-surgical re-treatment. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Removal of gutta-percha during non-surgical re-treatment.
Explanation: <br> Barbed broaches are not typically used for the removal of gutta-percha during nonsurgical retreatment. Gutta-percha removal during retreatment typically involves the use of heat, solvents, rotary instruments, or specialized retreatment files designed for this purpose. Barbed broaches are not well-suited for removing gutta-percha due to their design, which can lead to potential complications such as instrument fracture or canal transportation.
Question 8: The most appropriate management for at tooth with a history of previous trauma that now exhibits apical resorption is:
- observation over 6 months for further resorption.
- complete instrumentation and medication with intra-canal calcium hydroxide. (Correct answer)
- immediate instrumentation and obturation followed by apical curettage.
- extraction, apical resection, retrofilling, and replantation.
- extraction and replacement with a fixed or removable prosthesis.
Correct answer: complete instrumentation and medication with intra-canal calcium hydroxide.
Explanation: <br> This option is the most appropriate management for a tooth with apical resorption following trauma. Complete instrumentation involves cleaning and shaping the root canal system to remove any necrotic or infected tissue. Medication with intracanal calcium hydroxide helps disinfect the canal and promote healing. Calcium hydroxide has antimicrobial properties and can also induce hard-tissue formation, aiding in the repair of apical resorption.
Question 9: For an avulsed, fully developed permanent tooth that has been re-implanted, a favourable prognosis is most affected by the:
- length of time the tooth has been out of the mouth. (Correct answer)
- use of an appropriate antibiotic.
- effectiveness of the irrigation of the socket.
- rigidness of the splint.
- thoroughness of the curettage of the root surface.
Correct answer: length of time the tooth has been out of the mouth.
Explanation: <br> The prognosis of an avulsed permanent tooth that has been reimplanted is significantly influenced by the length of time the tooth remains out of the mouth before reimplantation. The sooner the tooth is reimplanted, the better the chances of success. Ideally, reimplantation should occur within 30 minutes to one hour after the avulsion to maximize the chances of successful reattachment and long-term survival. Delayed reimplantation significantly reduces the likelihood of a favorable outcome due to increased risk of root resorption, pulp necrosis, and ankylosis.
Question 10: Root canal therapy may be safely and successfully undertaken for: <br> 1. hemophiliacs. <br> 2. patients with a history of rheumatic fever. <br> 3. patients with rheumatoid arthritis. <br> 4. cerebral palsy patients. <br> 5. adolescent diabetics.
- 2,3,4
- 2,3,5
- 1,2,3,5 (Correct answer)
- All of the above
Correct answer: 1,2,3,5
Explanation: <br> The statement "Root canal therapy may be safely and successfully undertaken for (1) hemophiliacs, (2) patients with a history of rheumatic fever, (3) patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and (5) adolescent diabetics" is correct.
Question 11: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dental amalgam?
- It is a durable restorative material.
- It contains mercury as one of its components.
- It requires minimal tooth preparation.
- It is tooth-colored and aesthetic. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: It is tooth-colored and aesthetic.
Explanation: <br> Dental amalgam is a silver-colored filling material composed of various metals, including mercury, silver, tin, and copper. It is not tooth-colored and is not considered aesthetically pleasing.
Free ADC Written Questions and Answers
When a second canal is located in mandibular incisors, it is most frequently found: