Free ABO Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the most common cause of amblyopia in children?
- Cataract
- Strabismus (Correct answer)
- Refractive error
- Nystagmus
Correct answer: Strabismus
Amblyopia, or 'lazy eye,' is reduced vision in an eye that did not develop normal sight during childhood. Strabismus, a misalignment of the eyes, is the most common cause because the brain suppresses the image from the misaligned eye to avoid double vision, leading to a lack of visual stimulation and development in that eye. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving visual outcomes.
Question 2: Which test is best to evaluate binocularity in young children?
- Tonometry
- Worth 4-dot test (Correct answer)
- Retinoscopy
- Ophthalmoscopy
Correct answer: Worth 4-dot test
The Worth 4-dot test is a simple and effective clinical tool used to assess a patient's binocularity, specifically the presence and degree of fusion, suppression, or diplopia. It presents four colored lights (two green, one red, one white) to each eye through red/green glasses, allowing the examiner to determine if the patient is using both eyes together or suppressing one image.
Question 3: Which condition presents with a white pupillary reflex in a child?
- Nystagmus
- Strabismus
- Retinoblastoma (Correct answer)
- Astigmatism
Correct answer: Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children, and its classic presenting sign is leukocoria, or a white pupillary reflex. This 'cat's eye reflex' occurs when light reflects off the tumor mass within the eye. Early detection is critical for successful treatment and preservation of vision and life.
Question 4: Which muscle is primarily involved in esotropia correction surgery?
- Lateral rectus
- Superior rectus
- Inferior oblique
- Medial rectus (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Medial rectus
Esotropia is a form of strabismus where one or both eyes turn inward (converge). Surgical correction often involves weakening the medial rectus muscles, which are responsible for adducting (turning inward) the eye. By recessing (moving back) these muscles, their pulling power is reduced, allowing the eye to straighten.
Question 5: What is the most appropriate initial treatment for amblyopia in a 5-year-old?
- Surgical correction
- Contact lenses
- Eye patching (Correct answer)
- Systemic antibiotics
Correct answer: Eye patching
Amblyopia is a developmental disorder where vision in one eye is reduced because the eye and brain are not working together properly. The most appropriate initial treatment for amblyopia in a child is eye patching of the stronger eye. This forces the weaker, amblyopic eye to work harder, stimulating its visual development and improving acuity.
Question 6: Which of the following is characteristic of Duane Retraction Syndrome?
- Proptosis
- Increased intraocular pressure
- Globe retraction (Correct answer)
- Optic nerve pallor
Correct answer: Globe retraction
Duane Retraction Syndrome is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized by abnormal innervation of the extraocular muscles. Its hallmark features include limited abduction (outward movement) and/or adduction (inward movement), and a paradoxical retraction of the globe into the orbit upon attempted adduction, often accompanied by narrowing of the palpebral fissure.
Free ABO Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of amblyopia in children?