FRCR FRCR Neuroradiology 2

Question 1

What is the imaging modality of choice for evaluating a suspected pituitary adenoma?

Accepted Answer

MRI of the pituitary with gadolinium

Answer

Non-contrast CT of the head

Answer

Plain skull X-ray (lateral view)

Answer

18F-FDG PET scan

Question 2

Which finding on MRI best differentiates a posterior fossa epidermoid cyst from an arachnoid cyst?

Accepted Answer

Restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging

Answer

T1 hyperintensity on pre-contrast imaging

Answer

Rim enhancement following gadolinium administration

Answer

Calcification visible on CT

Question 3

What is the most common location of cavernous malformations (cavernomas) in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral hemispheres (supratentorial)

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Basal ganglia

Answer

Brainstem

Question 4

Which MRI finding is pathognomonic of a cerebral cavernous malformation (cavernoma)?

Accepted Answer

Mixed-signal 'popcorn' lesion with complete hemosiderin rim on T2* GRE or SWI

Answer

Homogeneous ring enhancement with gadolinium

Answer

T1 hyperintensity with surrounding edema

Answer

Marked restricted diffusion on DWI

Question 5

In which condition are T1 hypointense 'black holes' on MRI a recognized finding that correlates with permanent neurological disability?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Answer

Neurosarcoidosis

Question 6

What is the most common intracranial tumor in adults overall?

Accepted Answer

Brain metastasis

Answer

Meningioma

Answer

Glioblastoma (GBM)

Answer

Pituitary adenoma

Question 7

Which MRI finding is most characteristic of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE)?

Accepted Answer

Unilateral or bilateral temporal lobe T2 hyperintensity with cortical restricted diffusion

Answer

Bilateral symmetric thalamic T2 hyperintensity

Answer

Periventricular gadolinium enhancement

Answer

Basal ganglia calcification on CT