FRCR FRCR Image Interpretation and Anatomy 2

Question 1

Which radiological feature differentiates a simple renal cyst from a complex cystic renal mass on CT?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing internal septations or nodules

Answer

Enhancing internal septations, nodularity, or thick walls (Bosniak categories III–IV) distinguish complex cystic masses requiring surgery from simple benign cysts (Bosniak I–II).

Question 2

On a lateral knee radiograph, which line is used to assess patellar height (patellar height index)?

Accepted Answer

Insall-Salvati ratio (patellar tendon length to patellar length)

Answer

The Insall-Salvati ratio compares patellar tendon length to patellar length on a lateral radiograph; a ratio >1.2 indicates patella alta and <0.8 indicates patella baja.

Question 3

What does the 'double bubble' sign on plain abdominal radiograph indicate in neonates?

Accepted Answer

Duodenal atresia

Answer

The double bubble sign — two air-fluid levels representing the stomach and dilated proximal duodenum — is pathognomonic of duodenal atresia, strongly associated with trisomy 21.

Question 4

On liver MRI, which enhancement pattern is characteristic of a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

Accepted Answer

Arterial phase hyperenhancement with portal venous phase washout

Answer

HCC shows arterial hyperenhancement (due to neoangiogenesis) followed by washout in the portal venous and delayed phases — a pattern called 'arterial hyperenhancement and washout' (LI-RADS criteria).

Question 5

Which vertebral level marks the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta into the common iliac arteries?

Accepted Answer

L4

Answer

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries at the level of L4 (approximately at the level of the iliac crests).

FRCR - Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists Practice Test

FRCR - Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists Practice Test

FRCR FRCR Image Interpretation and Anatomy 2