FRCR FRCR Clinical Oncology 2

Question 1

In brachytherapy, what does 'high dose rate' (HDR) mean?

Accepted Answer

Dose rate >12 Gy/hour at the reference point

Answer

Dose rate <2 Gy/hour

Answer

Pulsed delivery over 24 hours

Answer

External beam boost technique

Question 2

Which lymphoma subtype is most radiosensitive and has the highest cure rate with radiotherapy alone in early-stage disease?

Accepted Answer

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Answer

Follicular lymphoma

Answer

Mantle cell lymphoma

Question 3

Proton therapy differs from conventional photon therapy primarily because:

Accepted Answer

Protons deposit most energy at the Bragg peak with minimal exit dose

Answer

Protons scatter more in tissue

Answer

Protons have a lower LET than X-rays

Answer

Protons cannot be focused precisely

Question 4

What is the primary mechanism of radiation-induced DNA damage that leads to cell death?

Accepted Answer

Double-strand DNA breaks

Answer

Single-strand DNA breaks

Answer

Base oxidation

Answer

Protein denaturation

Question 5

Total body irradiation (TBI) is most commonly used as conditioning for:

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Answer

Palliative bone pain relief

Answer

Brain tumor radiosurgery

Answer

Whole abdominal lymphoma treatment

Question 6

Which organ is the dose-limiting structure in thoracic radiotherapy, defined by a V20 constraint?

Accepted Answer

Lung

Answer

Esophagus

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Heart