FMCLA Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield FMCLA facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here — free, no sign-up.

1. Which preventive measure is recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults with a high cardiovascular risk? → Regular physical activity
2. A woman presents with a 3-cm simple ovarian cyst found incidentally on pelvic ultrasound. She is premenopausal. What is the recommended management? → Repeat ultrasound in 6–12 weeks
3. Which antiarrhythmic drug is the most commonly used for long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation? → Amiodarone
4. Which antihypertensive is preferred for treating hypertension during pregnancy? → Labetalol
5. Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with prolonged QT interval on ECG? → Hypokalemia
6. What is the primary purpose of using the CAGE questionnaire in clinical practice? → To assess for alcohol use disorder
7. A 60-year-old male presents with sudden painless vision loss in one eye. Which diagnosis must be ruled out immediately? → Central retinal artery occlusion
8. Which validated tool is most commonly used to screen for cognitive impairment in a primary care setting? → Mini-Cog
9. Which medication is recommended for prophylaxis against altitude sickness when ascending rapidly above 8,000 feet? → Acetazolamide
10. Which medication is first-line for rate control in a patient with atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response? → Metoprolol
11. Which of the following is a contraindication to corticosteroid joint injection? → Overlying skin infection
12. What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for managing hypertension in adults according to current guidelines? → Thiazide diuretics
13. A 22-year-old presents with scaling, pruritic patches in the groin. KOH preparation reveals hyphae. The most appropriate treatment is: → Topical antifungal such as clotrimazole
14. Which drug class is considered first-line for reducing cardiovascular mortality in patients with reduced ejection fraction heart failure? → Beta-blockers
15. A patient presents with epistaxis that does not stop with 20 minutes of direct pressure. What is the next step? → Anterior nasal packing
16. A patient with COPD has an FEV1 of 45% predicted. According to GOLD staging, this falls into which category? → GOLD 3 (Severe)
17. What is the recommended calcium intake per day for adults over 70 to support bone health? → 1200 mg
18. Which intervention has the greatest evidence-based mortality benefit in COPD patients with significant hypoxemia? → Long-term oxygen therapy
19. Which finding on spirometry is most consistent with obstructive lung disease? → FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.70
20. For patients with type 2 diabetes, what is the target HbA1c level recommended by most guidelines? → <7.0%
21. Which lifestyle modification has the most significant impact on reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension? → Smoking cessation
22. What is the first-line treatment for urge urinary incontinence in older adults that avoids anticholinergic side effects? → Bladder training and pelvic floor exercises
23. A patient with an ejection fraction of 35% and NYHA Class II symptoms is started on an ARNI. Which medication is this? → Sacubitril/valsartan
24. Which vitamin deficiency is extremely common in homebound elderly patients and contributes to falls and fractures? → Vitamin D
25. What is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media (AOM) in children? → Amoxicillin
26. Which of the following vaccines is recommended annually for all adults? → Influenza
27. A 26-year-old woman presents with a positive pregnancy test and sharp unilateral pelvic pain with vaginal spotting. Which diagnosis must be ruled out first? → Ectopic pregnancy
28. A 45-year-old male presents with sudden onset crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm. Which initial diagnostic test is most critical? → 12-lead ECG
29. Which of the following screening tools is commonly used to assess for anxiety disorders in primary care settings? → GAD-7
30. A patient on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole develops a blistering eruption with mucosal involvement and >30% body surface area detachment. The diagnosis is: → Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis