FMCLA Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Medicine 3

Question 1

A patient presents with exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and bilateral leg edema. BNP is 850 pg/mL. The most likely diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

Decompensated heart failure

Answer

COPD exacerbation

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 2

Which antiarrhythmic drug is the most commonly used for long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation?

Accepted Answer

Amiodarone

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Adenosine

Answer

Lidocaine

Question 3

What is the pathophysiology underlying hypoxemia in pulmonary embolism?

Accepted Answer

Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch

Answer

Airway obstruction

Answer

Alveolar flooding

Answer

Decreased respiratory drive

Question 4

A patient with COPD has an FEV1 of 45% predicted. According to GOLD staging, this falls into which category?

Accepted Answer

GOLD 3 (Severe)

Answer

GOLD 1 (Mild)

Answer

GOLD 2 (Moderate)

Answer

GOLD 4 (Very Severe)

Question 5

Which intervention has the greatest evidence-based mortality benefit in COPD patients with significant hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

Long-term oxygen therapy

Answer

Oral corticosteroids

Answer

High-dose inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Pulmonary rehabilitation alone

Question 6

A 50-year-old non-smoker develops spontaneous pneumothorax. Which underlying condition is most commonly associated?

Accepted Answer

Marfan syndrome or tall thin body habitus with subpleural blebs

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer

Sarcoidosis