FM FM Soil Science & Hydrology 2

Question 1

Which soil property is the best indicator of compaction risk from heavy logging equipment?

Accepted Answer

Bulk density

Answer

Bulk density measures the mass of dry soil per unit volume; higher bulk density indicates less pore space and greater compaction, which restricts root growth and water infiltration.

Question 2

In forest hydrology, Best Management Practices (BMPs) are primarily designed to:

Accepted Answer

Protect water quality during and after harvesting operations

Answer

BMPs are operational guidelines that minimize soil disturbance and protect water quality by reducing sediment, nutrient, and chemical inputs to streams during forestry activities.

Question 3

What is 'interflow' (also called throughflow) in a forest watershed?

Accepted Answer

Lateral subsurface water movement through the soil during storm events

Answer

Interflow is the lateral movement of water through upper soil horizons during rainfall events when vertical percolation is slower than infiltration, contributing to streamflow without reaching the surface.

Question 4

Which process in the forest nitrogen cycle converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into plant-available forms?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Answer

Nitrogen fixation, carried out by specialized bacteria (e.g., Rhizobium, free-living Azotobacter) and some cyanobacteria, converts inert N₂ gas into ammonia that plants can use.

Question 5

In a forested watershed, the water table typically exhibits which seasonal pattern?

Accepted Answer

Rises in winter/fall when trees are dormant and falls in summer

Answer

During dormancy, tree transpiration nearly stops, allowing precipitation to recharge groundwater and raise the water table; in summer, high transpiration draws water down.

(FM) Forest Management Certification Practice Test

(FM) Forest Management Certification Practice Test

FM FM Soil Science & Hydrology 2