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Cardiac Emergencies Flashcards

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  1. A patient presents with signs of cardiac tamponade including hypotension, distended jugular veins, and muffled heart sounds. What is this classic triad called?

    Answer: Beck's triad

    Beck's triad — hypotension, jugular venous distension, and muffled heart sounds — is the classic presentation of cardiac tamponade.

  2. A 12-lead ECG shows diffuse ST elevation in most leads with PR segment depression. These findings are most consistent with which condition?

    Answer: Acute pericarditis

    Diffuse ST elevation with PR segment depression across multiple leads (not in a coronary distribution) is the classic ECG pattern of acute pericarditis.

  3. When calculating CPP (coronary perfusion pressure) during CPR, which values are used?

    Answer: Diastolic aortic pressure minus right atrial pressure

    CPP = diastolic aortic pressure minus right atrial pressure; a CPP above 15 mmHg is associated with better ROSC outcomes during resuscitation.

  4. A patient with known atrial fibrillation and rapid ventricular response is stable. Which drug class is preferred for rate control in this patient?

    Answer: Beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers

    Beta-blockers or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil) are the preferred agents for rate control in stable atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response.

  5. During resuscitation of a cardiac arrest patient, ETCO2 rises suddenly to above 40 mmHg. What does this most likely indicate?

    Answer: Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

    A sudden sustained rise in ETCO2 to ≥40 mmHg during CPR is a reliable indicator of ROSC, as resumption of cardiac output rapidly increases CO2 delivery to the lungs.

  6. A patient presents with chest pain and his ECG shows a new right bundle branch block (RBBB) with ST elevation in V1-V4. This pattern suggests occlusion of which vessel?

    Answer: Proximal left anterior descending artery

    New RBBB with anterior ST elevation strongly suggests a proximal LAD occlusion, which can interrupt blood flow to the right bundle branch and the anterior wall.

  7. What is the correct energy dose for the FIRST defibrillation attempt when using a biphasic defibrillator in an adult cardiac arrest with VF?

    Answer: 120-200 J (manufacturer-recommended) or 200 J if unknown

    For biphasic defibrillators, the recommended initial energy is 120-200 J based on manufacturer specifications, or 200 J if the device-specific dose is unknown.