Ammunition Types and Ballistics Flashcards
7 cards from real FIREARM COMPETENCY practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Ammunition Types and Ballistics flashcards as text
What is meant by 'muzzle velocity' in ballistics?
Answer: The speed of the bullet at the moment it exits the barrel
Muzzle velocity is the speed of the bullet as it leaves the muzzle of the firearm, typically measured in metres per second (m/s) or feet per second (fps).
What is the key difference between rimfire and centrefire cartridges?
Answer: The primer location: rimfire has primer in the rim, centrefire has primer in the centre of the base
In rimfire cartridges the primer compound is contained within the hollow rim of the case, whereas centrefire cartridges have a separate, replaceable primer in the centre of the base.
What does a '+P' marking on a box of ammunition indicate?
Answer: The ammunition is loaded to higher-than-standard pressure
+P indicates overpressure ammunition loaded to higher chamber pressures than standard, which increases velocity but should only be used in firearms rated for it.
What unit is commonly used to express bullet weight in ammunition specifications?
Answer: Grains
Bullet weight is conventionally measured in grains (gr), where one grain equals approximately 0.0648 grams, allowing for precise specification of bullet mass.
What is a soft point (SP) bullet designed to do compared to a full metal jacket?
Answer: Expand upon impact while retaining more mass than a hollow point
A soft point bullet has an exposed lead tip that causes controlled expansion on impact, making it suitable for hunting as it transfers energy efficiently while retaining mass.
Under the South African Firearms Control Act, which category of ammunition is prohibited from civilian possession without specific authorisation?
Answer: Armour-piercing ammunition
Armour-piercing ammunition is prohibited for civilian possession under Schedule 2 of the Firearms Control Act unless a specific permit is granted.
What does the term 'bore' refer to when describing a firearm barrel?
Answer: The interior channel of the barrel through which the bullet travels
The bore is the internal channel of the barrel, and its diameter determines the calibre; the bore is also where rifling grooves are cut to stabilise the bullet.