FED (Psychological) 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The concept of 'wait time' in classroom questioning is supported by research showing that pausing after asking a question:
- Reduces student anxiety by allowing them to opt out
- Increases the length and quality of student responses (Correct answer)
- Improves classroom management by reducing off-task behavior
- Decreases cognitive load by shortening thinking time
Correct answer: Increases the length and quality of student responses
Research by Mary Budd Rowe showed that increasing wait time to 3–5 seconds leads to more elaborated, higher-quality student responses and greater participation.
Question 2: A student who is intrinsically motivated is MOST likely to:
- Work only when rewards are offered
- Persist on challenging tasks for the enjoyment of learning (Correct answer)
- Perform better only under competitive conditions
- Require frequent external praise to continue working
Correct answer: Persist on challenging tasks for the enjoyment of learning
Intrinsic motivation, driven by interest and enjoyment, supports sustained engagement and persistence even in the absence of external rewards.
Question 3: According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the microsystem includes:
- Cultural norms and societal values
- Government education policies
- Immediate settings like family, school, and peer group (Correct answer)
- Interactions between two settings the child does not directly inhabit
Correct answer: Immediate settings like family, school, and peer group
The microsystem is the innermost layer and consists of the immediate environments and relationships that directly involve the child.
Question 4: Which of the following best describes the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
- Classical conditioning uses punishment; operant conditioning uses reinforcement only
- Classical conditioning involves reflexive responses to stimuli; operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors and consequences (Correct answer)
- Classical conditioning requires social modeling; operant conditioning does not
- Classical conditioning is for animals; operant conditioning applies only to humans
Correct answer: Classical conditioning involves reflexive responses to stimuli; operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors and consequences
Classical conditioning pairs stimuli to elicit involuntary responses, while operant conditioning shapes voluntary behavior through consequences such as reinforcement or punishment.
Question 5: A student with a high sense of academic self-concept in reading but low self-concept in math is demonstrating:
- Global self-esteem
- Domain-specific self-concept (Correct answer)
- Learned helplessness across all subjects
- Fixed mindset in all academic areas
Correct answer: Domain-specific self-concept
Self-concept is domain-specific; a student can hold different self-perceptions about their abilities in different subject areas.
Question 6: When a student's disruptive behavior in class is ignored by the teacher and the behavior decreases over time, this is an example of:
- Negative punishment
- Positive punishment
- Extinction (Correct answer)
- Counter-conditioning
Correct answer: Extinction
Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior (e.g., attention-seeking disruption) is no longer reinforced, causing the behavior to diminish.
Question 7: Which of the following is the BEST example of using formative assessment aligned with psychological principles of feedback?
- Giving a comprehensive final exam at the end of the semester
- Providing immediate, specific feedback during a practice activity so students can adjust their learning (Correct answer)
- Posting a class ranking of student scores to motivate improvement
- Using a single multiple-choice test to assign grades
Correct answer: Providing immediate, specific feedback during a practice activity so students can adjust their learning
Formative assessment with immediate, specific feedback supports metacognition and self-regulation, allowing students to identify and correct errors during the learning process.
FED (Psychological) 5
The concept of 'wait time' in classroom questioning is supported by research showing that pausing after asking a question: