FE FE Arrhythmias & Cardiac Function 2

Question 1

Complete fetal heart block is most strongly associated with which maternal antibody?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies

Answer

Anti-dsDNA antibodies

Answer

Antiphospholipid antibodies

Answer

Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies

Question 2

In complete heart block, the characteristic echocardiographic finding is:

Accepted Answer

Atrial rate higher than ventricular rate with no AV relationship

Answer

1:1 AV conduction with prolonged PR interval

Answer

Ventricular rate higher than atrial rate

Answer

Irregular P-wave morphology

Question 3

Which fetal cardiac condition is most commonly associated with complete heart block in the absence of maternal antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Left atrial isomerism (polysplenia)

Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer

Ebstein anomaly

Answer

Tricuspid atresia

Question 4

Fetal atrial flutter is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Regular atrial rate of 300–500 bpm with variable AV conduction

Answer

Irregular atrial rate of 200–220 bpm

Answer

Regular ventricular rate matching atrial rate

Answer

Absent P-wave activity

Question 5

Which echocardiographic technique can assess fetal PR interval to detect first- and second-degree heart block?

Accepted Answer

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of AV valves

Answer

B-mode imaging of valve motion

Answer

Color flow mapping

Answer

Pulsed Doppler at the left ventricular outflow tract

Question 6

A fetal heart rate below 100 bpm for more than 10 seconds is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Fetal sinus bradycardia

Answer

Normal variant

Answer

Functional bradycardia

Answer

Supraventricular extrasystole