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Hypothesis Testing Flashcards

7 cards from real FAST practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Hypothesis Testing flashcards as text

  1. A researcher sets α = 0.01 instead of 0.05. What is the effect on the probability of a Type I error?

    Answer: It decreases

    The significance level α directly equals the probability of a Type I error, so lowering α from 0.05 to 0.01 reduces Type I error risk.

  2. A study finds p = 0.03 with α = 0.05. Which conclusion is correct?

    Answer: Reject H₀

    Since p (0.03) < α (0.05), there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

  3. Which of the following best describes a one-tailed test?

    Answer: Tests for a difference in only one specified direction

    A one-tailed test places the entire rejection region on one side, testing for an effect in one specified direction only.

  4. What does it mean when a result is statistically significant?

    Answer: The probability of obtaining the result by chance alone is below α

    Statistical significance means the observed result is unlikely (probability < α) under the assumption that H₀ is true.

  5. A test statistic falls in the critical region. What happens?

    Answer: H₀ is rejected

    When the test statistic falls in the critical region, the result is significant and H₀ is rejected.

  6. Which scenario illustrates a Type II error?

    Answer: Concluding a drug does not work when it actually does

    A Type II error (β) occurs when you fail to reject a false null hypothesis — missing a real effect.

  7. What is the relationship between Type II error rate (β) and statistical power?

    Answer: Power = 1 − β

    Statistical power is defined as 1 − β, representing the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis.