Alberta Basic Security Training Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects individuals from unreasonable search and seizure by government agents. What is the primary implication of this for a security professional acting as a private citizen?

They are not bound by the Charter because they are not government agents, but they still cannot search individuals without consent or legal justification. (Correct answer)
They must obtain a warrant before searching any person or their belongings.
They have the same search powers as a police officer upon making a citizen's arrest.
They can search anyone they have arrested without any restrictions.

Correct answer: They are not bound by the Charter because they are not government agents, but they still cannot search individuals without consent or legal justification.

The Charter primarily applies to actions by the government and its agents (like police). While a security professional is a private citizen and not directly bound by the Charter in the same way, common law and the Criminal Code still place strict limits on their ability to search individuals. A search without consent is generally illegal and can constitute assault, unless it is conducted as a safety measure incidental to a lawful arrest.

Question 2: Do not tell an individual they are being interviewed or they may stop telling the truth.

True
False (Correct answer)

Correct answer: False

It is generally recommended to inform an individual that they are being interviewed. Transparency can build trust and encourage cooperation, rather than deterring truthfulness. While the term 'interview' might sound formal, clearly stating the purpose of questioning helps maintain ethical standards and ensures the individual understands the context of the conversation.

Question 3: Which of the following is a security guard's responsibility when monitoring access control systems?

Repairing technical issues with the system
Reprogramming the access system as needed
Preventing authorized individuals from entering
Reporting and documenting any irregularities or breaches (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Reporting and documenting any irregularities or breaches

A security guard's responsibility when monitoring access control systems is primarily observational and responsive. They are tasked with diligently watching the system for any unusual activity, unauthorized access attempts, or system malfunctions. Crucially, they must accurately report and document any irregularities or breaches according to established procedures, ensuring that security incidents are recorded and addressed.

Question 4: Which of the following best describes the principle of 'professional deportment' for a security professional?

Maintaining a professional appearance and a calm, courteous demeanor. (Correct answer)
Conducting frequent and random patrols of the assigned area.
Completing detailed and accurate incident reports.
Having advanced knowledge of all site-specific emergency procedures.

Correct answer: Maintaining a professional appearance and a calm, courteous demeanor.

Professional deportment refers to a security professional's conduct and appearance. This includes being well-groomed, wearing a proper uniform, and interacting with the public in a calm, respectful, and courteous manner. It is a key component of professionalism in the security industry.

Question 5: A person commits an assault when he or she applies force to another person:

Intentionally (Correct answer)
Without permission
Accidentally
During self-defense

Correct answer: Intentionally

In legal contexts, an assault typically requires the intentional application of force to another person. This means the person committing the act must have meant to make contact or cause apprehension of contact, even if the resulting harm was not severe. Accidental contact or force used purely in self-defense generally does not meet the legal definition of assault, which hinges on the element of intent.

Question 6: Professionalism is best demonstrated by:

Your ability to follow instructions
Your conduct and deportment (Correct answer)
Your technical skills
Your physical fitness

Correct answer: Your conduct and deportment

Professionalism in a security role is best demonstrated by one's conduct and deportment. This includes maintaining a professional appearance, exhibiting ethical behavior, communicating effectively, and demonstrating respect and integrity in all interactions. While skills and fitness are important, how one carries themselves and interacts with others is the primary indicator of professionalism.

Question 7: Why is proper lighting important for security surveillance at night?

It is required only for parking lots
It helps security officers stay awake
It reduces electricity costs
It improves CCTV image quality and deters criminal activity (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It improves CCTV image quality and deters criminal activity

Adequate lighting enhances camera visibility and acts as a deterrent since criminals prefer to operate in darkness.

Question 8: Which of the following is part of a well-prepared emergency response plan?

A list of emergency contacts and their roles
Evacuation routes and designated assembly points
All of the above (Correct answer)
Pre-approved instructions for media communication

Correct answer: All of the above

A comprehensive emergency response plan includes multiple critical components to ensure an organized and effective reaction to various incidents. This encompasses clear communication protocols, such as a list of emergency contacts and their roles, detailed safety procedures like evacuation routes and designated assembly points, and defined responsibilities for all personnel involved. All these elements are vital for minimizing harm and managing emergencies efficiently.

Question 9: Which of the following best describes the role of CCTV in a security program?

CCTV is only useful after an incident occurs
CCTV replaces the need for security officers
CCTV supports officers by providing surveillance coverage and recorded evidence (Correct answer)
CCTV is used exclusively to monitor employees

Correct answer: CCTV supports officers by providing surveillance coverage and recorded evidence

CCTV enhances security by extending surveillance reach and providing recorded footage for incident investigation.

Question 10: What is a 'hot spot' in crowd control terminology?

A zone with elevated risk of conflict or crowd compression (Correct answer)
An area with strong Wi-Fi signal
A first aid station
A VIP section

Correct answer: A zone with elevated risk of conflict or crowd compression

Hot spots are areas identified as high-risk where incidents are more likely to occur and require extra monitoring.

Question 11: A security professional is approached by an individual who is visibly agitated and speaking in a loud, confrontational tone. Which of the following is the most effective initial communication strategy to de-escalate the situation?

Immediately assert your authority and instruct the person to calm down.
Adopt a non-threatening posture and use active listening to understand their concerns. (Correct answer)
Ignore the individual's tone and continue with your patrol duties.
Radio for backup immediately before engaging with the individual.

Correct answer: Adopt a non-threatening posture and use active listening to understand their concerns.

Adopting a non-threatening posture, maintaining open body language, and using active listening are key de-escalation techniques. This approach helps the agitated individual feel heard and respected, which can reduce hostility and open the door for a peaceful resolution. Asserting authority can escalate the situation, and ignoring the person or immediately calling for backup without assessment can be counterproductive.

Question 12: A 'soft barrier' in crowd control refers to:

A padded wall
Ropes, stanchions, or fencing used to guide crowd flow (Correct answer)
A verbal warning zone
A team of officers forming a line

Correct answer: Ropes, stanchions, or fencing used to guide crowd flow

Soft barriers like ropes and stanchions physically guide crowd movement without aggression.

Question 13: What legal authority does a security guard in Alberta have compared to an ordinary citizen?

Security guards have full police powers on any property
Security guards have the same powers as a citizen, plus additional authority granted on private property by the property owner (Correct answer)
Security guards have fewer rights than ordinary citizens
Security guards are authorized to carry firearms without a license

Correct answer: Security guards have the same powers as a citizen, plus additional authority granted on private property by the property owner

Security guards in Alberta have the same citizen arrest powers as any person under the Criminal Code, plus additional authority delegated by property owners to enforce trespass and property rules.

Question 14: While on patrol, you witness a verbal altercation that does not escalate physically and resolves on its own. According to ABST standards for documentation, what is the correct course of action?

Ignore the event as it resolved without physical conflict.
Make a detailed entry in your notebook about the observation. (Correct answer)
Verbally inform the next guard on shift but do not write it down.
Only report the incident if one of the individuals files a formal complaint.

Correct answer: Make a detailed entry in your notebook about the observation.

Security professionals are required to document their findings, observations, and actions taken during their shift. Even incidents that resolve themselves should be noted. This creates a complete record of activities on the property, which can be useful for identifying patterns, demonstrating due diligence, or recalling details for a future investigation.

Question 15: You should keep other security professionals away from a crime scene in order to protect evidence.

False
True (Correct answer)

Correct answer: True

Protecting a crime scene is paramount to preserving evidence. Allowing unnecessary personnel, including other security professionals not directly involved in the initial response or investigation, to enter the scene can contaminate or destroy crucial evidence. Therefore, limiting access to only essential personnel is a standard procedure to maintain the integrity of the crime scene.

Question 16: Which of the following is a primary reason why maintaining neutrality is a critical aspect of a security professional's communication during a dispute between two individuals?

To ensure a quicker resolution to the conflict.
To build trust and ensure all parties perceive the security professional as fair and unbiased. (Correct answer)
To avoid personal involvement and reduce report writing time.
To identify who is at fault more easily.

Correct answer: To build trust and ensure all parties perceive the security professional as fair and unbiased.

Maintaining neutrality is essential for a security professional acting as a mediator. By not taking sides, the professional fosters an environment where both parties feel they are being treated fairly. This impartiality is crucial for building the trust needed to de-escalate the situation and guide the individuals toward a peaceful resolution.

Question 17: A security professional in Alberta is required to present their license upon request. Which of the following parties is NOT explicitly mentioned as someone they must show their license to?

A police officer
An on-duty firefighter (Correct answer)
A member of the public
Their direct supervisor

Correct answer: An on-duty firefighter

While it is good practice to cooperate with all emergency services, legislation like Ontario's similar Private Security and Investigative Services Act, which mirrors common requirements, specifies that a license must be shown to police, employers, and any member of the public who asks. There is no specific legal requirement to present it to a firefighter unless they are acting in a law enforcement capacity.

Question 18: What is a security guard's role during a medical emergency?

Perform CPR or first aid if trained and certified (Correct answer)
Provide advanced medical care to the victim
Diagnose the victim's condition before calling an ambulance
Wait for emergency services to arrive without intervening

Correct answer: Perform CPR or first aid if trained and certified

During a medical emergency, a security guard's role is to provide immediate assistance within the scope of their training and certification. If they are trained and certified in CPR or first aid, they should administer it while waiting for professional medical services to arrive. Their responsibilities also include securing the scene, calling for help, and providing comfort, but not diagnosing conditions or providing advanced medical care.

Question 19: What is the main legal authority for a security guard to make an arrest in Alberta?

The Private Security Regulation Act
The Trespass to Premises
The Police Act
The Criminal Code of Canada (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The Criminal Code of Canada

In Canada, the primary legal authority for a security guard to make an arrest, often referred to as a citizen's arrest, is derived from the Criminal Code of Canada. Section 494 of this federal legislation outlines the specific conditions under which any person, including a security guard, may lawfully arrest an individual. While other provincial acts govern security operations, the power to arrest stems from federal criminal law.

Question 20: When completing a use of force report, which of the following is MOST important to include?

The security guard's personal opinion of the subject's character
A summary written entirely from the subject's point of view
Only the outcome of the incident without background details
An objective factual account of events, actions taken, and justification for force used (Correct answer)

Correct answer: An objective factual account of events, actions taken, and justification for force used

A use of force report must include an objective, factual, and complete account of events and the justification for force used to ensure legal accountability.

Question 21: When taking a statement from a witness after an incident, what is the most critical piece of information to obtain and record, besides their account of the event?

Their opinion on who was at fault.
Their previous history of witnessing incidents.
Their emotional reaction to the event.
Their full name and contact information. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Their full name and contact information.

While the witness's account is crucial, obtaining their full name and contact information is essential for any follow-up that may be required by supervisors, clients, or law enforcement. Without this information, the statement may be of limited use as it cannot be properly verified or followed up on.

Question 22: When a security guard first approaches a potentially aggressive person, what should their initial response be?

Call for backup before making any contact
Physically restrain the person immediately to prevent harm
Use verbal communication and attempt to calm the situation (Correct answer)
Issue a written warning and withdraw

Correct answer: Use verbal communication and attempt to calm the situation

The first step in conflict resolution is verbal communication — talking calmly can often resolve a situation without any physical intervention.

Question 23: What is a 'clocking system' (guard tour system) used for in security patrol?

Recording visitor check-ins
Verifying that an officer physically visited specific checkpoints during their patrol (Correct answer)
Measuring how fast an officer walks
Tracking employee work hours

Correct answer: Verifying that an officer physically visited specific checkpoints during their patrol

Guard tour systems use checkpoints to verify and log that an officer completed their patrol route as required.

Question 24: A security professional is assigned to work a 12-hour overnight shift alone in a large, isolated warehouse. According to Alberta's OHS regulations for working alone, what is the employer's primary responsibility?

To ensure the worker has at least three years of security experience.
To pay the worker a legislated 'lone worker' premium.
To develop an effective system of regular communication with the worker. (Correct answer)
To provide the worker with a company vehicle for personal use.

Correct answer: To develop an effective system of regular communication with the worker.

Alberta's OHS Code requires employers to conduct a hazard assessment for lone workers and establish an effective communication system. This system must include regular contact at intervals appropriate to the nature of the work to ensure the worker's well-being.

Question 25: While on duty at a shopping mall, a security professional observes an individual shoplifting. According to the Criminal Code of Canada, what is the security professional's authority in this situation?

They must obtain a warrant before they can take any action.
They have the same authority as a police officer to make an arrest.
They are only authorized to observe and report and cannot detain the individual.
They can perform a citizen's arrest because they witnessed an indictable offence. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: They can perform a citizen's arrest because they witnessed an indictable offence.

Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada, any person, including a security professional, may arrest without a warrant someone they find committing an indictable offence. Shoplifting is considered an indictable offence. The security professional is acting as a private citizen in this capacity and must deliver the arrested person to a peace officer forthwith.

Question 26: LEAPS is a method for making a decision about whether or not to use force.

True
False (Correct answer)

Correct answer: False

LEAPS is an acronym for Listen, Empathize, Ask, Paraphrase, Summarize, and is a communication technique used for de-escalation and effective interaction, not for deciding whether or not to use force. Decisions about using force are typically guided by principles of necessity, proportionality, and legal frameworks like the Criminal Code of Canada. LEAPS helps in managing situations verbally to potentially avoid the need for force.

Question 27: What is the primary purpose of de-escalation techniques for a security guard?

To demonstrate authority over a subject
To delay a response until police arrive
To gather evidence before making an arrest
To reduce tension and resolve a conflict without physical intervention (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To reduce tension and resolve a conflict without physical intervention

De-escalation techniques aim to reduce tension and resolve conflicts peacefully, avoiding the need for physical intervention whenever possible.

Question 28: A security professional is patrolling a private property and witnesses an individual breaking into a vehicle. According to Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada, what is the most appropriate initial action for the security professional to take?

Verbally confront the individual and demand they return any stolen items.
Observe from a distance and wait for the property owner to arrive before acting.
Arrest the individual and immediately notify law enforcement. (Correct answer)
Use any force necessary to immediately subdue and search the individual.

Correct answer: Arrest the individual and immediately notify law enforcement.

Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada allows any person, including a security professional, to arrest without a warrant someone they find committing an indictable offence. After making a citizen's arrest, the individual must be delivered to a peace officer forthwith.

Question 29: Under the Canadian Criminal Code, a security guard performing a citizen's arrest may detain a person who:

Is found committing a criminal offence (Correct answer)
Is suspected of any crime at any time
Is loitering on private property
Appears suspicious based on appearance

Correct answer: Is found committing a criminal offence

Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code, a citizen's arrest is lawful when a person is actually found committing an indictable offence.

Question 30: What does 'crowd density' mean and why does it matter to a security officer?

The number of people per square meter; high density increases crush risk (Correct answer)
How fast people are moving; fast crowds are harder to control
How noisy a crowd is; loud crowds are dangerous
The number of security officers relative to crowd size

Correct answer: The number of people per square meter; high density increases crush risk

High crowd density per square meter significantly increases the risk of crowd crush injuries and fatalities.

Question 31: Which of the '5 W's and H' is being addressed when a security professional documents the 'actions taken' in an incident report?

How (Correct answer)
Who
What
Why

Correct answer: How

The 'actions taken' section of an incident report explains 'How' the security professional responded to the incident. It details the sequence of events and steps taken to manage, control, or resolve the situation, such as notifying supervisors, contacting emergency services, or preserving the scene. 'What' describes the incident itself, 'Who' identifies the people involved, and 'Why' often involves speculation which should be avoided.

Question 32: In Alberta's court system, which court is the highest court of appeal within the province?

The Court of Appeal of Alberta (Correct answer)
The Alberta Court of Justice
The Supreme Court of Canada
The Court of King's Bench

Correct answer: The Court of Appeal of Alberta

The Court of Appeal of Alberta is the highest court in the province and hears appeals from decisions made by the Court of King's Bench and the Alberta Court of Justice. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court for the entire country, not just the province.

Question 33: While on duty, a security professional is advised by their employer's policy not to physically intervene in any situation. However, they witness a serious assault in progress. Under the Criminal Code, what is the security professional's legal standing?

They must adhere strictly to the employer's policy and can be charged if they intervene.
They are only permitted to intervene if the victim is a client or employee on the property.
Their legal authority to act as a private citizen under the Criminal Code may supersede the employer's policy in certain situations. (Correct answer)
They are granted the same intervention powers as a peace officer in this scenario.

Correct answer: Their legal authority to act as a private citizen under the Criminal Code may supersede the employer's policy in certain situations.

A security professional's powers of arrest and use of force are derived from the Criminal Code, which applies to all private citizens. While company policy is important, the Criminal Code provides legal authority to act (e.g., make a citizen's arrest, use reasonable force to prevent an offence) that is independent of employer policy. A restrictive policy does not remove these legal rights, although acting against policy may have employment consequences.

Question 34: Which behavior in a crowd should alert a security officer to a potential problem?

Sudden surges, pushing, or signs of panic spreading through the crowd (Correct answer)
People standing in line quietly
People wearing similar clothing
Groups taking photographs

Correct answer: Sudden surges, pushing, or signs of panic spreading through the crowd

Sudden surges or spreading panic are warning signs of a crowd incident developing that require immediate attention.

Question 35: When conducting an interior patrol, which area should a security officer pay special attention to?

Only the executive floors
Common areas with high foot traffic only
Just the entrance lobby
All areas including stairwells, restrooms, storage rooms, and blind spots (Correct answer)

Correct answer: All areas including stairwells, restrooms, storage rooms, and blind spots

Thorough interior patrols include low-traffic and blind-spot areas where incidents or hazards are more likely to go unnoticed.

Question 36: When a security guard uses verbal judo, they are:

Yelling commands to intimidate a subject into compliance
Reciting legal warnings before making physical contact
Documenting verbal threats made by a subject
Using calm, strategic language to redirect behaviour and reduce conflict (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Using calm, strategic language to redirect behaviour and reduce conflict

Verbal judo involves using calm, empathetic, and strategic language to redirect a person's behaviour and resolve conflict without physical force.

Question 37: A security professional in Alberta is required to be licensed. Who is the governing body responsible for issuing this license?

The Government of Alberta, specifically through Alberta Justice. (Correct answer)
A private industry-led association.
The local municipal police service.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).

Correct answer: The Government of Alberta, specifically through Alberta Justice.

In Alberta, the licensing of security professionals is a provincial responsibility managed under the Security Services and Investigators Act. Alberta Justice is the government body that issues these licenses, ensuring all applicants meet the required standards.

Question 38: In an active shooter scenario, what is the recommended initial action?

Confront the shooter to divert their attention
Attempt to disarm the shooter immediately
Ignore the situation and continue patrol duties
Lock or barricade yourself and others in a safe location (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Lock or barricade yourself and others in a safe location

In an active shooter scenario, the recommended initial action, often summarized as "Run, Hide, Fight," prioritizes self-preservation. If evacuation is not possible, the next best step is to hide by locking or barricading oneself and others in a secure location, making it difficult for the shooter to gain access. Confronting the shooter should only be a last resort when lives are in imminent danger and no other option exists.

Question 39: What is the correct response when an access card fails to work?

Request verification of the individual's identity and authorization (Correct answer)
Allow the person entry if they claim they are authorized
Disable the entire access control system
Deny entry and report the incident

Correct answer: Request verification of the individual's identity and authorization

When an access card fails, a security guard should not automatically grant or deny entry. The correct procedure is to request verification of the individual's identity through alternative means, such as a photo ID, and confirm their authorization to access the area. This ensures that security protocols are maintained while addressing legitimate access issues and allows for reporting any system malfunctions.

Question 40: Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code, after performing a citizen's arrest, a security guard must:

Hold the person until the property owner decides what to do
Detain the person indefinitely until a court date
Impose a fine and release the individual
Deliver the person to a peace officer as soon as reasonably possible (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Deliver the person to a peace officer as soon as reasonably possible

After a citizen's arrest, the law requires the arresting person to deliver the detained individual to a peace officer as soon as reasonably possible.

Question 41: The hazard assessment should be an ongoing process.

True (Correct answer)
False

Correct answer: True

Hazard assessment is not a one-time event but a continuous process. Work environments and conditions can change, introducing new hazards or altering existing ones. Regular and ongoing hazard assessments ensure that potential risks are continuously identified, evaluated, and controlled, maintaining a safe working environment for security professionals and others.

Question 42: The Use of Force Continuum is best described as:

A training schedule for combat techniques
A legal document authorizing security guards to use any force
A model showing escalating levels of control options matched to subject behaviour (Correct answer)
A policy requiring security guards to call police before acting

Correct answer: A model showing escalating levels of control options matched to subject behaviour

The Use of Force Continuum is a framework that outlines escalating response options available to security personnel, matched to the level of subject resistance or threat.

Question 43: What does "reasonable grounds" mean in the context of a security guard's authority?

A suspicion based on a hunch
A directive from the employer
An assumption based on past behavior
A belief based on evidence that would convince a reasonable person (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A belief based on evidence that would convince a reasonable person

"Reasonable grounds" signifies a standard of belief that is objectively justifiable, meaning there must be factual evidence or observations that would lead an ordinary, prudent person to conclude that an offense has occurred or is about to occur. It is a higher standard than mere suspicion or a hunch, requiring concrete information to support actions like an arrest or search. This standard is crucial for ensuring legal and ethical security practices.

Question 44: Under the Security Services and Investigators Act regulations, what is a key requirement regarding the uniform worn by a security professional?

It must be approved by the local police service.
It must be black or navy blue in color.
It must have the security professional's name embroidered on it.
It must not resemble the uniform of a police officer. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It must not resemble the uniform of a police officer.

The regulations under the Security Services and Investigators Act explicitly state that a security professional's uniform must not resemble that of a police officer or other law enforcement agencies. This is to prevent public confusion and ensure a clear distinction between private security and public law enforcement.

Question 45: A security professional is required to wear a hard hat and steel-toed boots while patrolling a construction site. This equipment is an example of which type of hazard control in the 'hierarchy of controls'?

Elimination
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Correct answer)
Engineering Control
Administrative Control

Correct answer: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A hard hat and boots are forms of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). In the hierarchy of controls, PPE is considered the last line of defense, used after attempts to eliminate the hazard, use engineering controls (like barriers), or use administrative controls (like safety procedures).

Question 46: You may arrest an individual who you believe has committed a crime even though you did not see the criminal activity take place.

True
False (Correct answer)

Correct answer: False

In Alberta, security professionals generally operate under the same arrest powers as a private citizen, which are outlined in the Criminal Code of Canada. A private citizen can only arrest someone they find committing an indictable offense, or if they have reasonable grounds to believe an indictable offense has been committed and are in fresh pursuit. Therefore, you cannot simply arrest someone based on belief without witnessing the crime or being in fresh pursuit.

Question 47: A key principle of 'observe and report' means a security officer should:

Only report what a supervisor specifically asks about
Only report crimes that were witnessed personally
Document and report all observations accurately without personal interpretation or alteration (Correct answer)
Delay reports until the end of the shift

Correct answer: Document and report all observations accurately without personal interpretation or alteration

Accurate, unbiased observation and prompt reporting ensures decision-makers have reliable information to act on.

Question 48: How should a security officer handle a person who refuses to follow crowd control instructions?

Escalate immediately to police
Physically remove them without warning
Calmly repeat the instruction, explain the reason, and involve a supervisor if the person remains non-compliant (Correct answer)
Ignore the situation and move on

Correct answer: Calmly repeat the instruction, explain the reason, and involve a supervisor if the person remains non-compliant

Calm repetition, explanation, and supervisor escalation follows the proper use-of-force continuum and minimizes confrontation.

Question 49: What is the primary goal of crowd management for a security officer?

Enforce dress codes strictly
Arrest troublemakers immediately
Limit venue capacity to half
Prevent dangerous crowding and maintain orderly movement (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Prevent dangerous crowding and maintain orderly movement

Crowd management aims to prevent dangerous overcrowding and guide people safely through an area.

Question 50: When documenting an incident in a notebook, which principle is most critical for ensuring the notes can be used as evidence?

Including personal opinions about who was at fault.
Using personal shorthand to write notes faster.
Recording information that is objective, factual, and chronological. (Correct answer)
Waiting until the end of the shift to write down all details from memory.

Correct answer: Recording information that is objective, factual, and chronological.

Security reports and notes must be objective, factual, accurate, and written in chronological order to be considered credible evidence. Opinions, assumptions, and unverified information should be avoided. Notes should be taken at the time of the incident or as soon as possible thereafter to ensure accuracy.

Question 51: Which law governs a security guard's ability to ask someone to leave private property in Alberta?

The Private Security Regulation Act
The Trespass to Premises Act (Correct answer)
The Criminal Code of Canada
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Correct answer: The Trespass to Premises Act

In Alberta, a security guard's ability to ask someone to leave private property is primarily governed by the provincial Trespass to Premises Act. This legislation defines what constitutes trespassing and grants property owners, or their authorized agents, the legal right to remove individuals who are unlawfully present on their land. It provides the legal framework for managing access and maintaining order on private property.

Question 52: Which of the following BEST describes the primary difference between criminal law and civil law in the Canadian legal system?

Criminal law cases are heard in the Court of King's Bench, while civil cases are heard in the Provincial Court.
The standard of proof in criminal law is a 'balance of probabilities', whereas in civil law it is 'beyond a reasonable doubt'.
Criminal law focuses on punishing acts against society, while civil law aims to resolve private disputes between individuals or organizations. (Correct answer)
Criminal law involves federal statutes, while civil law is exclusively based on provincial statutes.

Correct answer: Criminal law focuses on punishing acts against society, while civil law aims to resolve private disputes between individuals or organizations.

Criminal law deals with offences against the state or society as a whole (e.g., theft, assault) and aims to punish offenders. Civil law addresses private disputes between parties (e.g., contract breaches, property damage) and seeks to provide compensation or remedies.

Question 53: During a routine patrol of an office building after hours, a security professional discovers a broken window and signs of a forced entry. What should be their immediate priority?

Contact the building manager to report the property damage. (Correct answer)
Secure their own safety and then notify law enforcement.
Clean up the broken glass to prevent injuries.
Enter the office to determine what was stolen.

Correct answer: Contact the building manager to report the property damage.

Upon discovering a potential crime scene, a security professional's first priority is their own safety. They should not enter the area as the suspect may still be present. The correct procedure is to withdraw to a safe location, notify the police immediately, and then inform site management while protecting the scene from contamination.

Question 54: Under what circumstances can a security guard use force?

Only when instructed by law enforcement
To remove someone from private property
To enforce company policies
To protect themselves or others from harm (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To protect themselves or others from harm

Security guards, like any citizen, are legally permitted to use reasonable force for the purpose of self-defense or the defense of others from harm. This authority is granted under the Criminal Code of Canada, which allows for the use of force that is necessary and proportionate to prevent an imminent threat. Force cannot be used simply to enforce company policies or remove someone unless there is a direct threat of harm.

Question 55: What is the primary responsibility of a security guard during an emergency?

Ensure personal safety first (Correct answer)
Prevent the media from accessing the scene
Take control of all operations at the site
Manage and direct emergency services

Correct answer: Ensure personal safety first

In any emergency situation, a security guard's paramount responsibility is to ensure their own personal safety first. This principle, often called "safety first," allows the guard to remain effective and avoid becoming another casualty, which would further complicate the emergency response. Once personal safety is secured, they can then focus on their other duties, such as assisting others and managing the scene.

Question 56: Which of the following is an example of passive crowd control?

Shouting orders at the crowd
Officers physically pushing people back
Barriers, signage, and lighting that guide crowd behavior without officer intervention (Correct answer)
Closing the event early

Correct answer: Barriers, signage, and lighting that guide crowd behavior without officer intervention

Passive crowd control uses environmental design—barriers, signs, and lighting—to influence behavior without direct officer involvement.

Question 57: With consent of both parties, an employer may attempt to resolve an issue between a security professional and a complainant.

False
True (Correct answer)

Correct answer: True

In Alberta Basic Security Training, it is understood that employers can play a role in mediating disputes. With the explicit consent of both the security professional and the complainant, an employer is permitted to attempt to resolve an issue. This process aims to find an amicable solution and can prevent further escalation or formal complaints.

Question 58: What is the main goal of conflict resolution training for security guards?

To teach security guards to physically overpower any subject
To equip security guards to resolve disputes with minimum force and maximum safety (Correct answer)
To eliminate the need for verbal communication in the field
To memorize police arrest procedures

Correct answer: To equip security guards to resolve disputes with minimum force and maximum safety

Conflict resolution training equips security guards to handle disputes safely and professionally, using the least force necessary to protect people and property.

Question 59: What is 'post orders' in security terminology?

Instructions for ordering supplies at a security post
The schedule for officer rotation
Written instructions specific to a site that detail an officer's duties, procedures, and responsibilities at that location (Correct answer)
A command from a superior officer to take a position

Correct answer: Written instructions specific to a site that detail an officer's duties, procedures, and responsibilities at that location

Post orders are site-specific written guidelines that define exactly what an officer must do at that particular assignment.

Question 60: Individuals holding an individual license in the province of Alberta may not refer to themselves as:

Investigator
Peace Officer (Correct answer)
Patrol Supervisor
Security Guard

Correct answer: Peace Officer

Individuals holding an individual security license in Alberta are explicitly prohibited from referring to themselves as 'Peace Officers.' Peace officers have specific legal powers and authorities granted under federal or provincial legislation (e.g., police officers, RCMP, certain bylaw officers). Security professionals, while having certain powers, do not hold the designation of a peace officer.

Question 61: Leave space between entries so you can come back and add details later when you remember them.

False (Correct answer)
True

Correct answer: False

When maintaining security logs or notebooks, it is critical to ensure that all entries are continuous and complete. Leaving blank spaces between entries is considered poor practice because it creates opportunities for unauthorized additions or alterations later, which can compromise the integrity and credibility of the record. Entries should be chronological and filled without gaps.

Question 62: Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)?

To regulate the transportation of dangerous goods on public highways.
To give workers and employers information about hazardous products used in the workplace. (Correct answer)
To provide safety training for operating heavy machinery.
To mandate the use of specific Personal Protective Equipment for all jobs.

Correct answer: To give workers and employers information about hazardous products used in the workplace.

WHMIS is Canada's national standard for communicating information about the safe handling and use of hazardous products in the workplace. It involves specific labels, Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), and worker education programs. Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) is a separate regulation.

Question 63: While on patrol in a commercial building, a security professional discovers a small, contained fire in a wastebasket. After ensuring the immediate area is clear of people, what is the MOST appropriate next step according to standard emergency procedures?

Immediately pull the nearest fire alarm to alert all building occupants. (Correct answer)
Attempt to extinguish the fire using a suitable, nearby fire extinguisher.
Call their supervisor to report the fire and await instructions.
Close the door to the room to contain the smoke and evacuate the building.

Correct answer: Immediately pull the nearest fire alarm to alert all building occupants.

The primary responsibility in a fire emergency is to ensure life safety. Activating the fire alarm is the most effective way to immediately alert everyone in the building to the danger and initiate an orderly evacuation. While extinguishing a small fire may be possible, it should only be considered after the alarm has been raised and if it is safe to do so.

Question 64: What is a security guard's responsibility during a hazardous material spill?

Attempt to clean the spill immediately
Ignore the spill if it appears contained
Transport the hazardous material to a safer location
Secure the area and alert appropriate authorities (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Secure the area and alert appropriate authorities

When encountering a hazardous material spill, a security guard's primary responsibility is to ensure the safety of themselves and others by securing the area to prevent further exposure or spread. They must then immediately alert the appropriate emergency services, such as the fire department or a hazmat team, who are trained and equipped to handle such incidents. Attempting to clean the spill without proper training and equipment can be extremely dangerous.

Question 65: if you hear a fire alarm, the first thing you should do is evacuate the building.

True (Correct answer)
False

Correct answer: True

Upon hearing a fire alarm, the immediate priority is always the safety of occupants. Evacuating the building according to established emergency procedures is the first and most critical action to ensure everyone gets to a safe location. Other actions, like investigating the cause, come only after ensuring the safety of all individuals.

Question 66: If a fight breaks out in a crowd, a security officer's immediate priority is to:

Wait for police before acting
Evacuate the entire venue
Isolate the individuals involved and prevent the conflict from spreading (Correct answer)
Join the fight to stop it faster

Correct answer: Isolate the individuals involved and prevent the conflict from spreading

Isolating those involved prevents the altercation from drawing in bystanders and escalating.

Question 67: A security professional is tasked with performing a 'fire watch' because the building's sprinkler system is temporarily out of service. What is the main duty associated with this role?

Repairing the faulty sprinkler system as quickly as possible.
Patrolling the designated areas to detect any signs of fire and being prepared to alert occupants and emergency services. (Correct answer)
Keeping a detailed log of everyone who enters and exits the building.
Manually activating the fire alarm every hour to test its functionality.

Correct answer: Patrolling the designated areas to detect any signs of fire and being prepared to alert occupants and emergency services.

A fire watch is implemented when fire suppression or detection systems are non-functional. The security professional's duty is to act as a human monitoring system, actively patrolling for any evidence of a fire (smoke, flames, unusual odours) and to be ready to initiate emergency procedures, including alerting people and calling the fire department.

Question 68: Why should a security officer vary their patrol route and timing?

To prevent predictability that could be exploited by criminals (Correct answer)
To check all CCTV cameras equally
To cover more ground faster
To avoid fatigue from repetition

Correct answer: To prevent predictability that could be exploited by criminals

Random patrol patterns prevent criminals from learning schedules and exploiting predictable gaps in coverage.

Question 69: What must a security guard do immediately after making a citizen's arrest?

Detain the individual until the employer arrives
Inform the individual of the charges against them
Turn the individual over to law enforcement without delay (Correct answer)
Conduct a search of the individual

Correct answer: Turn the individual over to law enforcement without delay

After making a citizen's arrest, a security guard's authority to detain the individual is strictly limited and temporary. The Criminal Code of Canada mandates that the arrested person must be turned over to a peace officer (police) without delay. Failure to promptly deliver the detainee to law enforcement can result in the security guard being held legally liable for unlawful confinement.

Question 70: What does the term 'duty of care' require of a security guard who has restrained a subject?

To release the subject within five minutes regardless of circumstances
To ensure the subject's physical wellbeing while they are under the guard's control (Correct answer)
To immediately transfer all responsibility to law enforcement
To secure the subject and leave the area

Correct answer: To ensure the subject's physical wellbeing while they are under the guard's control

Once a security guard has restrained a subject, they have a duty of care to monitor the subject's physical condition and ensure their safety until transferred to police.

Question 71: Which of the following actions could lead to a security guard being held liable?

All of the above (Correct answer)
Failing to turn over a detainee to the police promptly
Arresting someone without reasonable grounds
Using excessive force during an arrest

Correct answer: All of the above

Security guards are legally accountable for their actions, and several missteps can lead to liability. Arresting someone without reasonable grounds constitutes unlawful confinement, using excessive force during an arrest can result in assault charges, and failing to promptly turn over a detainee to the police can also lead to legal repercussions. Any of these actions can expose the guard and their employer to civil lawsuits or criminal charges.

Question 72: When you arrest an individual, you have the option to tell the person to call:

Their employer
Their lawyer (Correct answer)
Their family
Their doctor

Correct answer: Their lawyer

When an individual is arrested, they have a fundamental legal right to consult with a lawyer. This right, often referred to as the 'right to counsel,' ensures that the arrested person can receive legal advice and representation. Security personnel, like law enforcement, are obligated to inform the individual of this right and provide a reasonable opportunity to exercise it, safeguarding their legal interests.

Question 73: Which of the following is the best example of an emergency procedure for a fire?

Attempting to extinguish all fires immediately
Locking the building to prevent theft during the fire
Evacuating people to a safe location and contacting the fire department (Correct answer)
Waiting for law enforcement before taking action

Correct answer: Evacuating people to a safe location and contacting the fire department

In a fire emergency, the immediate priorities are life safety and alerting professional responders. The best action for a security guard is to facilitate the safe evacuation of occupants to designated assembly points and promptly contact the fire department. Attempting to extinguish all fires is dangerous and should only be done if the fire is small, contained, and the guard is trained and equipped to do so without risk.

Question 74: Under Alberta's Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Act, workers have three fundamental rights. These are the right to know, the right to participate, and the right to:

refuse unsafe work. (Correct answer)
receive premium pay for hazardous tasks.
ignore safety regulations they deem unnecessary.
demand immediate supervisor dismissal.

Correct answer: refuse unsafe work.

The three basic rights for workers under Alberta OHS are the right to know about workplace hazards, the right to participate in health and safety matters, and the right to refuse work they believe is unsafe without fear of reprisal.

Question 75: During a patrol, a security officer smells smoke but cannot see flames. They should:

Ignore it until they see visible fire
Immediately evacuate the building alone without alerting anyone
Open all windows to ventilate the building
Investigate cautiously, activate the fire alarm if warranted, and follow the emergency plan (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Investigate cautiously, activate the fire alarm if warranted, and follow the emergency plan

A smell of smoke requires investigation and may warrant activating the alarm and following the established emergency response plan.

Alberta Basic Security Training Exam

This exam certifies individuals to work as security guards in Alberta, ensuring they possess the foundational knowledge required for the role.

Questions

60 min

Time Limit

60%

To Pass

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