ETC ETC Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics

Question 1

What is the standard SI unit of pressure?

Accepted Answer

Pascal (Pa)

Answer

Newton (N)

Answer

Bar (bar)

Answer

Joule (J)

Question 2

Pascal's Law states that pressure applied to a confined, incompressible fluid is:

Accepted Answer

Transmitted equally in all directions

Answer

Transmitted only upward through the fluid

Answer

Lost due to internal friction

Answer

Transmitted only in the direction of applied force

Question 3

The hydrostatic pressure at depth h in a static fluid is calculated using:

Accepted Answer

P = ρgh

Answer

P = ρg/h

Answer

P = mg/A

Answer

P = F × h

Question 4

Specific gravity of a liquid is defined as the ratio of:

Accepted Answer

The liquid's density to the density of water at 4°C

Answer

The liquid's volume to water's volume

Answer

The liquid's weight to its volume

Answer

The liquid's viscosity to water's viscosity

Question 5

Which fluid property describes internal resistance to flow (shear deformation)?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Density

Answer

Specific weight

Answer

Surface tension

Question 6

Bernoulli's equation expresses conservation of which fundamental quantity along a streamline?

Accepted Answer

Energy

Answer

Mass

Answer

Momentum

Answer

Volume

Question 7

The continuity equation for steady incompressible flow in a pipe states that:

Accepted Answer

The product of cross-sectional area and velocity (A₁V₁ = A₂V₂) is constant

Answer

Pressure is constant along the pipe

Answer

Velocity increases as pipe diameter increases

Answer

Flow rate decreases with increasing fluid density