ETC Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics Flashcards

What is the standard SI unit of pressure?

Answer: Pascal (Pa)

The Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit of pressure, defined as one Newton per square meter (N/m²).

Pascal's Law states that pressure applied to a confined, incompressible fluid is:

Answer: Transmitted equally in all directions

Pascal's Law states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished and equally in all directions throughout the fluid.

The hydrostatic pressure at depth h in a static fluid is calculated using:

Answer: P = ρgh

Hydrostatic pressure P = ρgh, where ρ is fluid density, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is depth below the free surface.

Specific gravity of a liquid is defined as the ratio of:

Answer: The liquid's density to the density of water at 4°C

Specific gravity is the dimensionless ratio of a substance's density to the density of fresh water (1,000 kg/m³ at 4°C).

Which fluid property describes internal resistance to flow (shear deformation)?

Answer: Viscosity

Viscosity is the property that quantifies a fluid's resistance to shear stress and flow; high-viscosity fluids like motor oil flow more slowly than low-viscosity fluids like water.

Bernoulli's equation expresses conservation of which fundamental quantity along a streamline?

Answer: Energy

Bernoulli's equation is a statement of conservation of energy, balancing pressure head, velocity head, and elevation head at any two points along a streamline.

The continuity equation for steady incompressible flow in a pipe states that:

Answer: The product of cross-sectional area and velocity (A₁V₁ = A₂V₂) is constant

For incompressible flow, the continuity equation A₁V₁ = A₂V₂ ensures volumetric flow rate Q is constant along the flow path.