ESCO Energy Storage Systems 2

Question 1

Ice-based thermal energy storage systems are primarily used to shift what type of building load?

Accepted Answer

Air conditioning (cooling) loads from peak to off-peak hours

Answer

Heating loads from gas-fired boilers

Answer

Lighting loads during evening hours

Answer

Data center server loads

Question 2

What does 'state of charge' (SOC) represent in a battery energy storage system?

Accepted Answer

The current available energy expressed as a percentage of total capacity

Answer

The total number of charge cycles completed

Answer

The temperature of the battery cells during operation

Answer

The voltage level at the battery terminals

Question 3

A flywheel energy storage system stores energy primarily as:

Accepted Answer

Kinetic (rotational) energy of a spinning mass

Answer

Chemical energy in electrolyte solutions

Answer

Thermal energy in a pressurized tank

Answer

Potential energy in elevated water

Question 4

'Peak shaving' in energy storage refers to:

Accepted Answer

Using stored energy to reduce a facility's highest power consumption intervals

Answer

Selling excess stored energy back to the grid during off-peak hours

Answer

Gradually increasing battery capacity over a project's contract term

Answer

Trimming utility rate schedules to achieve better pricing tiers

Question 5

Which battery chemistry is generally recognized for the longest cycle life among commercial energy storage options?

Accepted Answer

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP)

Answer

Lead-acid (flooded)

Answer

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC)

Answer

Nickel-cadmium (NiCd)

Question 6

What does 'C-rate' describe in battery energy storage systems?

Accepted Answer

The rate of charge or discharge relative to total battery capacity

Answer

The cost per kilowatt-hour of stored energy

Answer

The carbon intensity of the electricity used to charge the battery

Answer

The rated capacity under cold temperature conditions

Question 7

Hot water thermal storage systems are most commonly used to shift what type of load?

Accepted Answer

Water heating load from peak to off-peak electricity hours

Answer

HVAC cooling load during summer months

Answer

Electric vehicle charging demand

Answer

Compressed air system demand