ESAT Biology Flashcards
6 cards from real ESAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 ESAT Biology flashcards as text
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Answer: DNA → RNA → Protein
The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated into protein.
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Answer: Autotrophs make their own food; heterotrophs consume other organisms
Autotrophs (e.g., plants) produce organic compounds from inorganic sources; heterotrophs (e.g., animals) obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
In the human nervous system, what is the role of a synapse?
Answer: The junction where signals are transmitted between neurons via neurotransmitters
A synapse is the gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals across the junction.
What type of molecule forms the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes?
Answer: Amphipathic phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
Phospholipids are amphipathic, with polar (hydrophilic) heads facing water and non-polar (hydrophobic) tails forming the interior.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium used for in genetics?
Answer: Predicting allele frequencies in a non-evolving population
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes the allele and genotype frequencies in an ideally non-evolving population, serving as a baseline for detecting evolution.
What is the product of anaerobic respiration in animal cells?
Answer: Lactate and a small amount of ATP
In animal cells, anaerobic respiration converts pyruvate to lactate, regenerating NAD⁺ for continued glycolysis.