ESAT Biology Flashcards
6 cards from real ESAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 ESAT Biology flashcards as text
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Answer: Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells; meiosis produces 4 haploid cells
Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells for growth/repair; meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid gametes.
What is the role of the ribosome in a cell?
Answer: Protein synthesis (translation)
Ribosomes read mRNA codons and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains during translation.
What does the term 'natural selection' mean in evolutionary biology?
Answer: Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more
Natural selection is the process by which heritable traits that improve survival and reproduction become more common over generations.
What is the function of haemoglobin in the human body?
Answer: Transport oxygen in red blood cells
Haemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen from lungs to tissues.
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
Answer: Ribosome
Ribosomes are the organelles that carry out translation, assembling amino acids into proteins.
What is osmosis in biological systems?
Answer: Movement of water molecules from high to low water potential across a semi-permeable membrane
Osmosis is the passive movement of water down its water potential gradient across a selectively permeable membrane.