EPPP Trivia 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the central conflict of adolescence is:
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (Correct answer)
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
Correct answer: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Erikson identified Identity vs. Role Confusion as the core conflict of adolescence, during which individuals seek to establish a coherent sense of self.
Question 2: Which statistical technique is used to determine the number of underlying dimensions among a set of correlated variables?
- Multiple regression
- Analysis of variance
- Factor analysis (Correct answer)
- Discriminant analysis
Correct answer: Factor analysis
Factor analysis identifies latent dimensions (factors) that explain patterns of correlations among observed variables.
Question 3: The 'hindsight bias' is best described as:
- Overestimating one's ability to predict future events
- Believing after an event that one had predicted it all along (Correct answer)
- Underestimating the difficulty of a task in retrospect
- Attributing past successes to external factors
Correct answer: Believing after an event that one had predicted it all along
Hindsight bias is the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have predicted that outcome beforehand.
Question 4: What does the concept of 'incremental validity' mean in psychological assessment?
- A test's reliability improves with repeated administrations
- A test adds predictive power beyond that of existing measures (Correct answer)
- A test score increases over time with practice
- A test's validity increases as norms are updated
Correct answer: A test adds predictive power beyond that of existing measures
Incremental validity refers to the degree to which a test provides additional predictive or explanatory power beyond what is already provided by existing instruments.
Question 5: In classical conditioning, 'spontaneous recovery' refers to:
- The reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction (Correct answer)
- The organism recovering from a traumatic conditioning event
- The strengthening of a conditioned response over time
- Learning a new response to replace an extinguished one
Correct answer: The reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction
Spontaneous recovery is the reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a rest period without further extinction trials.
Question 6: Which brain structure is most critical for the consolidation of new declarative memories?
- Amygdala
- Cerebellum
- Hippocampus (Correct answer)
- Basal ganglia
Correct answer: Hippocampus
The hippocampus is essential for consolidating new explicit (declarative) memories, as demonstrated by cases like patient H.M. who had bilateral hippocampal removal.
Question 7: According to the DSM-5, which specifier indicates that a major depressive episode occurs during a biologically distinct period?
- With melancholic features
- With peripartum onset (Correct answer)
- With atypical features
- With anxious distress
Correct answer: With peripartum onset
The 'with peripartum onset' specifier applies when a major depressive episode begins during pregnancy or within 4 weeks of delivery.
EPPP Trivia 3
According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the central conflict of adolescence is: