EPPP MCQ 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following BEST describes the concept of 'reactance' in psychology?
- A conditioned response to a neutral stimulus
- A motivational state to restore perceived freedom when it is threatened (Correct answer)
- The tendency to model behavior after authority figures
- Cognitive dissonance caused by conflicting beliefs
Correct answer: A motivational state to restore perceived freedom when it is threatened
Reactance (Brehm, 1966) is a motivational response to the perceived threat or elimination of a behavioral freedom, often resulting in doing the opposite of what is demanded.
Question 2: A psychologist is conducting research and obtains verbal consent from participants. According to APA ethical standards, when is verbal consent alone acceptable?
- Never; written consent is always required
- When research involves anonymous questionnaires with no more than minimal risk (Correct answer)
- Only when participants are minors
- When the study involves deception
Correct answer: When research involves anonymous questionnaires with no more than minimal risk
APA standards permit waiving written consent in research involving minimal risk, such as anonymous surveys, where signing would be the only identifier.
Question 3: Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was originally developed primarily to treat which population?
- Individuals with schizophrenia
- Clients with chronic suicidality and borderline personality disorder (Correct answer)
- Children with ADHD
- Adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Correct answer: Clients with chronic suicidality and borderline personality disorder
Marsha Linehan developed DBT specifically for chronically suicidal individuals with borderline personality disorder, integrating cognitive-behavioral techniques with acceptance strategies.
Question 4: In a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, Block 1 contains demographic variables and Block 2 adds clinical predictors. The R² change from Block 1 to Block 2 tells you:
- The total variance explained by both blocks combined
- The unique variance explained by the clinical predictors over and above demographics (Correct answer)
- The reliability of the clinical predictors
- Whether the demographic variables are significant alone
Correct answer: The unique variance explained by the clinical predictors over and above demographics
The R² change (ΔR²) in hierarchical regression indicates the additional variance in the outcome explained by the new block of predictors after accounting for prior blocks.
Question 5: According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages, the primary conflict for adolescents (ages 12–18) is:
- Intimacy vs. isolation
- Industry vs. inferiority
- Identity vs. role confusion (Correct answer)
- Generativity vs. stagnation
Correct answer: Identity vs. role confusion
Erikson's fifth stage, identity vs. role confusion, centers on adolescents forming a coherent sense of self and personal identity.
Question 6: A client presents with persistent sadness, hypersomnia, increased appetite, and leaden paralysis that has lasted 3 weeks. Which DSM-5 specifier is most appropriate for this presentation?
- With anxious distress
- With atypical features (Correct answer)
- With melancholic features
- With catatonia
Correct answer: With atypical features
Atypical features specifier in DSM-5 is characterized by mood reactivity plus at least two of: weight gain/increased appetite, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, or rejection sensitivity.
Question 7: Which of the following statistical tests is most appropriate to compare mean scores of three or more independent groups?
- Independent samples t-test
- Paired samples t-test
- Chi-square test of independence
- One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Correct answer)
Correct answer: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
One-way ANOVA is the appropriate test for comparing means across three or more independent groups while controlling the familywise error rate.
EPPP MCQ 5
Which of the following BEST describes the concept of 'reactance' in psychology?