EPPP Growth and Lifespan Development 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which component involves the ability to adapt to, shape, or select environments and is emphasized in everyday practical success?
- Componential intelligence
- Experiential intelligence
- Contextual (practical) intelligence (Correct answer)
- Analytical intelligence
Correct answer: Contextual (practical) intelligence
Contextual intelligence (practical or 'street smarts') involves adapting to real-world environments, and is the aspect most relevant to everyday functioning outside academic settings.
Question 2: Research on temperament by Thomas and Chess identified which three broad categories of infant temperament?
- Secure, avoidant, and disorganized
- Easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up (Correct answer)
- Inhibited, uninhibited, and ambivalent
- Reactive, passive, and mixed
Correct answer: Easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up
Thomas and Chess classified infants as easy (adaptable, positive mood), difficult (intense, irregular, negative), or slow-to-warm-up (low activity, mild negative reactions initially).
Question 3: Which theorist proposed the concept of the 'imaginary audience' as characteristic of adolescent egocentrism?
- Jean Piaget
- David Elkind (Correct answer)
- Erik Erikson
- Lawrence Kohlberg
Correct answer: David Elkind
David Elkind described the imaginary audience (the adolescent belief that others are constantly watching and evaluating them) and the personal fable as manifestations of adolescent egocentrism.
Question 4: According to information processing models, which component of memory has limited capacity, holds information for seconds without rehearsal, and is analogous to a mental workspace?
- Sensory memory
- Long-term memory
- Semantic memory
- Working memory (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Working memory
Working memory (Baddeley's model) has limited capacity, holds information briefly, and is the active site of cognitive processing and manipulation of information.
Question 5: A practitioner notes that an 85-year-old client performs poorly on timed tasks but shows little decline in vocabulary or general knowledge. Which type of age-related change best explains this pattern?
- Alzheimer's-related neurodegeneration
- Normal age-related slowing of processing speed with intact crystallized intelligence (Correct answer)
- Age-related decline in explicit memory only
- Cohort differences in test-taking strategies
Correct answer: Normal age-related slowing of processing speed with intact crystallized intelligence
Normal aging typically involves slowing of processing speed (affecting timed tasks) while crystallized intelligence such as vocabulary and general knowledge remains largely intact.
Question 6: Which of the following describes the 'goodness of fit' concept in developmental psychology?
- Genetic compatibility between parents predicting child intelligence
- The match between a child's temperament and environmental demands/expectations (Correct answer)
- The degree to which attachment style predicts adult relationship satisfaction
- The alignment between cognitive stage and academic curriculum
Correct answer: The match between a child's temperament and environmental demands/expectations
Goodness of fit (Thomas & Chess) refers to how well the child's temperamental characteristics match the demands and expectations of their environment, predicting adjustment outcomes.
Question 7: In Kübler-Ross's stage model of grief, which stage is characterized by the dying person making deals with God or fate in an attempt to postpone death?
- Anger
- Depression
- Bargaining (Correct answer)
- Acceptance
Correct answer: Bargaining
Bargaining involves attempts to negotiate with a higher power or fate, often with promises of changed behavior in exchange for more time or relief from suffering.
EPPP Growth and Lifespan Development 4
In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which component involves the ability to adapt to, shape, or select environments and is emphasized in everyday practical success?