EPPP Cognitive-Affective Bases of Behavior 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The dual-process theory (System 1 vs. System 2 thinking) was most influentially described by which theorist?
- Albert Bandura
- Daniel Kahneman (Correct answer)
- Aaron Beck
- Walter Mischel
Correct answer: Daniel Kahneman
Daniel Kahneman popularized the dual-process framework in 'Thinking, Fast and Slow,' distinguishing fast intuitive from slow deliberate thinking.
Question 2: Emotional processing theory (Foa & Kozak) suggests that fear reduction in exposure therapy requires:
- Relaxation during exposure to prevent sensitization
- Activation of the fear structure plus new incompatible information (Correct answer)
- Avoidance of the peak anxiety moment
- Pharmacological dampening of the amygdala response
Correct answer: Activation of the fear structure plus new incompatible information
Foa and Kozak proposed that effective exposure requires activating the fear memory network and introducing disconfirming information to modify it.
Question 3: Which phenomenon describes better memory for information that is congruent with one's current mood state?
- State-dependent learning
- Mood-congruent memory (Correct answer)
- Encoding specificity
- Affect-as-information
Correct answer: Mood-congruent memory
Mood-congruent memory refers to the tendency to better recall information whose emotional tone matches one's current mood.
Question 4: A therapist using Socratic questioning is primarily targeting which cognitive-behavioral concept?
- Behavioral activation
- Automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions (Correct answer)
- Exposure hierarchy construction
- Relaxation response
Correct answer: Automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions
Socratic questioning in CBT guides clients to examine and challenge their automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions through guided discovery.
Question 5: Inhibitory learning theory (Craske) proposes that exposure therapy works best when:
- Habituation is maximized by keeping anxiety low
- New inhibitory associations are formed rather than habituation being the goal (Correct answer)
- The feared stimulus is avoided at peak anxiety
- Relaxation is paired with each feared stimulus
Correct answer: New inhibitory associations are formed rather than habituation being the goal
Inhibitory learning theory holds that exposure creates new inhibitory memories that compete with fear memories rather than erasing them via habituation.
Question 6: The broaden-and-build theory (Fredrickson) states that positive emotions:
- Narrow attention to maximize performance on urgent tasks
- Broaden thought-action repertoires and build lasting personal resources (Correct answer)
- Cancel out the effects of negative emotions immediately
- Increase vigilance to environmental threats
Correct answer: Broaden thought-action repertoires and build lasting personal resources
Fredrickson's theory proposes that positive emotions expand cognitive and behavioral flexibility, building enduring physical, social, and psychological resources.
Question 7: In Piaget's theory, the process of modifying existing schemas to incorporate new information is called:
- Assimilation
- Accommodation (Correct answer)
- Equilibration
- Conservation
Correct answer: Accommodation
Accommodation involves changing or creating new cognitive schemas when new information cannot fit into existing ones.
EPPP Cognitive-Affective Bases of Behavior 4
The dual-process theory (System 1 vs.
System 2 thinking) was most influentially described by which theorist?