Social and Multicultural Bases of Behavior Flashcards

Which theorist is most closely associated with the concept of the 'looking-glass self,' in which self-concept develops through perceived reactions of others?

Answer: Charles Cooley

Charles Cooley introduced the 'looking-glass self,' proposing that individuals develop their self-concept based on how they imagine others perceive and evaluate them.

Milgram's obedience experiments demonstrated that ordinary participants administered apparently dangerous electric shocks primarily because:

Answer: They were in the presence of a legitimate authority figure

Milgram's experiments showed that situational factors—particularly the presence of a legitimate authority figure—powerfully influenced obedience regardless of individual personality traits.

Bandura's Bobo doll experiments provided primary evidence for which learning mechanism?

Answer: Observational learning and modeling

The Bobo doll experiments demonstrated observational learning (modeling), showing that children imitated aggressive behavior they had witnessed without receiving direct reinforcement for doing so.

Which of the following BEST explains why individuals are less likely to help in an emergency when others are present (bystander effect)?

Answer: Diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance reduce individual helping behavior in groups

The bystander effect occurs because diffusion of responsibility (assuming others will help) and pluralistic ignorance (others' inaction signals no emergency) each reduce individual likelihood of intervening.

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is designed to measure:

Answer: Automatic associations between concepts that may not be consciously accessible

The IAT measures the strength of automatic associations between concepts (e.g., race and positive/negative attributes) that operate outside conscious awareness and intentional control.

Ataque de nervios, a recognized cultural idiom of distress involving uncontrollable crying, trembling, and dissociation, is most commonly reported among:

Answer: Latino/Hispanic populations, particularly Caribbean groups

Ataque de nervios is a cultural idiom of distress prevalent among Latino/Hispanic, particularly Caribbean, populations and is included in the DSM-5 Cultural Concepts of Distress.

The concept of intersectionality, introduced by Kimberlé Crenshaw, is most accurately described as:

Answer: A framework for understanding how multiple social identities interact to create unique experiences of privilege and oppression

Intersectionality examines how multiple social identities (race, gender, class, sexuality) simultaneously interact to shape individuals' distinct and overlapping experiences of advantage and disadvantage.