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Growth and Lifespan Development Flashcards

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  1. In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which component involves the ability to adapt to, shape, or select environments and is emphasized in everyday practical success?

    Answer: Contextual (practical) intelligence

    Contextual intelligence (practical or 'street smarts') involves adapting to real-world environments, and is the aspect most relevant to everyday functioning outside academic settings.

  2. Research on temperament by Thomas and Chess identified which three broad categories of infant temperament?

    Answer: Easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up

    Thomas and Chess classified infants as easy (adaptable, positive mood), difficult (intense, irregular, negative), or slow-to-warm-up (low activity, mild negative reactions initially).

  3. Which theorist proposed the concept of the 'imaginary audience' as characteristic of adolescent egocentrism?

    Answer: David Elkind

    David Elkind described the imaginary audience (the adolescent belief that others are constantly watching and evaluating them) and the personal fable as manifestations of adolescent egocentrism.

  4. According to information processing models, which component of memory has limited capacity, holds information for seconds without rehearsal, and is analogous to a mental workspace?

    Answer: Working memory

    Working memory (Baddeley's model) has limited capacity, holds information briefly, and is the active site of cognitive processing and manipulation of information.

  5. A practitioner notes that an 85-year-old client performs poorly on timed tasks but shows little decline in vocabulary or general knowledge. Which type of age-related change best explains this pattern?

    Answer: Normal age-related slowing of processing speed with intact crystallized intelligence

    Normal aging typically involves slowing of processing speed (affecting timed tasks) while crystallized intelligence such as vocabulary and general knowledge remains largely intact.

  6. Which of the following describes the 'goodness of fit' concept in developmental psychology?

    Answer: The match between a child's temperament and environmental demands/expectations

    Goodness of fit (Thomas & Chess) refers to how well the child's temperamental characteristics match the demands and expectations of their environment, predicting adjustment outcomes.

  7. In Kübler-Ross's stage model of grief, which stage is characterized by the dying person making deals with God or fate in an attempt to postpone death?

    Answer: Bargaining

    Bargaining involves attempts to negotiate with a higher power or fate, often with promises of changed behavior in exchange for more time or relief from suffering.