General Flashcards
7 cards from real EPPP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 General flashcards as text
Which theorist proposed the concept of the 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD) to describe the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance?
Answer: Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky introduced the ZPD as the range of tasks a child can perform with the help of a more skilled partner but cannot yet accomplish alone.
In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, neither the participants nor the researchers assessing outcomes know who is in the treatment group. This design feature primarily controls for:
Answer: Expectancy effects and experimenter bias
Double-blinding controls for expectancy effects (placebo response) from participants and experimenter bias in outcome measurement.
According to the DSM-5, a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder requires the presence of at least five symptoms during the same two-week period, with at least one being:
Answer: Depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure
DSM-5 specifies that depressed mood or markedly diminished interest or pleasure (anhedonia) must be among the five required symptoms for an MDD diagnosis.
A psychologist using Motivational Interviewing (MI) reflects a client's ambivalence about changing their alcohol use by summarizing both sides of their conflict. This technique is called:
Answer: Double-sided reflection
A double-sided reflection acknowledges both the client's reasons for change and their reasons for maintaining the status quo, validating ambivalence without judgment.
Which of the following is an example of a Type I error in hypothesis testing?
Answer: Rejecting a true null hypothesis
A Type I error (false positive) occurs when a researcher incorrectly rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true.
Erik Erikson's psychosocial stage for young adulthood (approximately ages 20–40) centers on the conflict of:
Answer: Intimacy vs. Isolation
The central challenge of Erikson's young adulthood stage is developing intimate, committed relationships versus remaining socially isolated.
A psychologist administers two different IQ tests to the same client one week apart and obtains nearly identical scores. This finding is BEST evidence for the tests':
Answer: Test-retest reliability
Test-retest reliability is demonstrated when a measure yields consistent scores across two administrations separated by a short time interval.