Cognitive-Affective Behavior Bases Flashcards

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is best defined as the range of tasks that a learner:

Answer: Can perform with guidance but not yet independently

The ZPD is the gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can achieve with skilled guidance or collaboration.

Research on affective forecasting consistently shows that people tend to:

Answer: Overestimate both the intensity and the duration of future emotional reactions

People systematically overestimate how intensely and how long future events will affect their happiness, a bias partly due to impact bias and neglect of adaptation.

The James-Lange theory of emotion differs from the Cannon-Bard theory primarily in that James-Lange holds that:

Answer: Physiological responses precede and cause the subjective experience of emotion

James-Lange theory proposes that we feel emotion because we perceive our own bodily changes (e.g., we are sad because we cry), reversing the intuitive sequence.

Emotion-focused coping, as defined by Lazarus and Folkman, is most adaptive when:

Answer: The stressor is uncontrollable and reducing emotional distress is the primary goal

Emotion-focused coping is most effective for uncontrollable stressors where managing one's emotional response, rather than changing the situation, is the realistic goal.

Which concept describes the tendency for people to make riskier group decisions than they would make individually, a phenomenon observed in group dynamics research?

Answer: Risky shift

Risky shift refers to the finding that group discussion often leads to more extreme (typically riskier) decisions than the average of individuals' initial positions.

In Ellis's Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), the primary target of intervention is the:

Answer: Irrational belief (B) that mediates between event and consequence

REBT targets irrational beliefs (B) because it is these beliefs — not the activating event — that cause disturbed emotional and behavioral consequences.

Which regulatory process involves deliberately suppressing the outward expression of an ongoing emotion without changing the underlying emotional experience?

Answer: Expressive suppression

Expressive suppression is a response-focused regulation strategy that inhibits emotion-expressive behavior while the internal emotional state persists.