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Cognitive-Affective Behavior Bases Flashcards

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  1. The concept of 'learned helplessness' introduced by Seligman is most directly related to which cognitive attribution pattern?

    Answer: Internal, stable, global attributions for failure

    Learned helplessness is most likely when failures are attributed to internal (personal), stable (permanent), and global (affecting all areas) causes.

  2. Which brain structure is most critically implicated in the consolidation of fear memories and the conditioned fear response?

    Answer: Amygdala

    The amygdala plays a central role in acquiring, storing, and expressing conditioned fear responses.

  3. Cognitive load theory suggests that instruction is most effective when it minimizes:

    Answer: Extraneous load caused by poor instructional design

    Extraneous (ineffective) cognitive load stems from poor instructional design and should be minimized to free working memory capacity for learning.

  4. According to Gross's process model of emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal is classified as an antecedent-focused strategy because it:

    Answer: Modifies the emotional meaning of a situation before the full response unfolds

    Cognitive reappraisal occurs early in the emotion-generative process, changing the appraisal of a situation before a full emotional response is elicited.

  5. Which phenomenon describes the tendency for mild emotional arousal from an irrelevant source to be misattributed to and intensify judgment about an unrelated target?

    Answer: Excitation transfer

    Excitation transfer (Zillmann) occurs when residual physiological arousal from one source is misattributed to a subsequent emotionally relevant event, amplifying the response.

  6. The dual-process model of cognition distinguishes between System 1 (fast, automatic) and System 2 (slow, deliberate) thinking. Which psychologist popularized this framework?

    Answer: Daniel Kahneman

    Daniel Kahneman popularized the System 1/System 2 dual-process model in his book 'Thinking, Fast and Slow.'

  7. A client reports feeling worthless because she received one critical comment in a meeting, ignoring dozens of positive comments. This exemplifies which cognitive distortion?

    Answer: Selective abstraction

    Selective abstraction (mental filter) involves focusing exclusively on a negative detail while ignoring the broader positive context.