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Assessment and Diagnosis Principles Flashcards

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  1. A researcher uses a test at one point in time to predict a criterion measured six months later. This is an example of which type of validity?

    Answer: Predictive validity

    Predictive validity assesses how well test scores forecast a future criterion, measured after a time delay.

  2. Which approach to clinical assessment relies most heavily on actuarial data and statistical formulas rather than clinical intuition to combine test findings?

    Answer: Mechanical (actuarial) prediction

    Mechanical or actuarial prediction uses empirically derived formulas and base rates to combine data, consistently outperforming clinical prediction in research.

  3. On the MMPI-3, which validity scale detects an overly positive self-presentation and denial of common human flaws?

    Answer: L scale

    The L (Lie) scale measures an unsophisticated attempt to present oneself in an unrealistically positive light by denying minor faults.

  4. A child earns a mental age of 10 on a cognitive test but has a chronological age of 8. Using the ratio IQ formula, what is the child's IQ?

    Answer: 125

    Ratio IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) × 100 = (10/8) × 100 = 125.

  5. In DSM-5, what minimum duration of symptoms is required for a diagnosis of Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia) in adults?

    Answer: 2 years

    DSM-5 requires depressed mood present for at least 2 years (1 year for children and adolescents) for Persistent Depressive Disorder.

  6. A practitioner uses multiple sources of data (interview, self-report, behavioral observation, collateral reports) to arrive at a diagnosis. This reflects the principle of:

    Answer: Multimethod assessment

    Multimethod assessment involves using diverse data sources and methods to reduce bias and improve diagnostic accuracy.

  7. Which concept explains that a test adds meaningful predictive power above and beyond information already available from existing measures?

    Answer: Incremental validity

    Incremental validity refers to the degree to which a test contributes unique predictive value over and above other available information.