Pollution and Waste Flashcards
6 cards from real Environmental Science practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Pollution and Waste flashcards as text
What does PM2.5 refer to in air quality monitoring?
Answer: Particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or smaller
PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 micrometers, which penetrates deep into the lungs.
Which process converts organic waste into nutrient-rich soil amendment through microbial decomposition?
Answer: Composting
Composting harnesses aerobic microorganisms to break down organic matter into humus-rich material useful for soil amendment.
What is the main environmental advantage of municipal solid waste incineration over landfilling?
Answer: Significant volume reduction and energy recovery
Incineration reduces waste volume by up to 90% and can generate electricity, though it requires strict emission controls.
The Clean Water Act requires municipalities to obtain which type of permit for wastewater discharges?
Answer: NPDES permit
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point source discharges into U.S. waters.
Which heavy metal is most commonly associated with contamination from old lead paint and pipes in U.S. homes?
Answer: Lead
Lead from paint (pre-1978) and old plumbing pipes is a major source of childhood lead poisoning in U.S. homes.
Which type of solid waste site is designed with liners and leachate collection systems to prevent groundwater contamination?
Answer: Sanitary landfill
Sanitary landfills use engineered barriers including clay and synthetic liners plus leachate collection to protect groundwater.