Environmental Science Land Use and Soil 3

Question 1

What is the concept of 'smart growth' in urban planning?

Accepted Answer

Concentrating development to reduce sprawl and environmental impact

Answer

Smart growth focuses development in existing urban areas to reduce sprawl, preserve open space, and decrease vehicle dependence.

Question 2

Which soil texture has the highest water-holding capacity?

Accepted Answer

Clay soil

Answer

Clay soil has the smallest particles and tightest pore spaces, giving it the highest water retention capacity.

Question 3

What environmental problem results from mining activities that expose sulfide minerals to water and air?

Accepted Answer

Acid mine drainage

Answer

Acid mine drainage occurs when oxidation of sulfide minerals in exposed rock produces sulfuric acid that leaches into waterways.

Question 4

Which U.S. federal act primarily governs surface mining operations and requires reclamation of mined land?

Accepted Answer

Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA)

Answer

SMCRA (1977) requires coal surface mines to restore the land to its original contour and use after mining is complete.

Question 5

What does NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) require for major federal actions?

Accepted Answer

Preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

Answer

NEPA requires federal agencies to assess environmental effects through an Environmental Impact Statement before undertaking major projects.

Environmental Science Practice Test