ENV SP Natural World & Ecology 3

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a 'trophic cascade' in an aquatic ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

The indirect effects of apex predator removal on lower trophic levels and vegetation

Answer

Nutrient runoff that fertilizes algae and depletes oxygen

Answer

Sequential flooding events that transport sediment downstream

Answer

A waterfall system that oxygenates water at each drop

Question 2

The Envision credit NW1.1 'Preserve Prime Habitat' is most focused on:

Accepted Answer

Minimizing land disturbance during construction to protect high-quality ecological areas

Answer

Installing wildlife crossings to restore connectivity

Answer

Replacing invasive species with native plantings post-construction

Answer

Monitoring groundwater levels to protect aquifer recharge zones

Question 3

In landscape ecology, habitat 'connectivity' is important primarily because it:

Accepted Answer

Allows species to move between patches, supporting gene flow and recolonization

Answer

Reduces the need for wildlife management programs

Answer

Increases plant diversity within a single habitat patch

Answer

Prevents the spread of invasive species across regions

Question 4

Which water quality parameter is most directly linked to eutrophication in freshwater systems receiving agricultural runoff?

Accepted Answer

Total phosphorus concentration

Answer

Dissolved oxygen concentration

Answer

Water temperature

Answer

pH level

Question 5

The Envision framework credits that address 'Avoid Adverse Geology' are designed to:

Accepted Answer

Prevent destabilization of landforms that could trigger erosion, landslides, or habitat loss

Answer

Reduce seismic risk to infrastructure assets

Answer

Ensure adequate foundation bearing capacity

Answer

Protect against sinkholes in karst topography only

Question 6

An infrastructure team identifies a vernal pool within the project footprint. Vernal pools are ecologically significant primarily because they:

Accepted Answer

Support unique amphibian and invertebrate communities adapted to seasonal flooding and drying

Answer

Provide year-round water supply for surrounding upland species

Answer

Serve as major groundwater recharge areas for municipal wells

Answer

Act as natural sediment traps reducing downstream turbidity

Question 7

According to Envision principles, which approach best demonstrates 'ecological net gain' for a linear infrastructure corridor?

Accepted Answer

Designing wildlife crossing structures and revegetating with native species to exceed pre-project habitat quality

Answer

Installing erosion control blankets on all disturbed slopes

Answer

Planting ornamental trees along the right-of-way for aesthetic benefit

Answer

Using hydraulic seeding to quickly establish vegetative cover